The narratives of health among Tehuledere communities include three major themes that explained causes of ill-health: (i) supernatural (ii) natural elements or physical causes: (iii) social elements such as mistrust, social support/family dynamics as well as violation of taboos and moral injunctions. Soc Sci Med. Diagnosing diseases in African traditional religion. These two terms seem to mean essentially the same thing and are often used interchangeably. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 2007. Am Anthropol. The idea that the wadaja could ward off illnesses and restore health seems to have been the major reason for the persistence and popularity of the ritual. The .gov means its official. Indigenous people often believe that Western trained doctors are not equipped to address their concerns which are can include spiritual as well as physical concerns [2]. 67 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9CBDF83AEDA7B54FAC1C495BB4C505DE><9CCE578C2D590642B3842131A939A278>]/Index[36 58]/Info 35 0 R/Length 139/Prev 453987/Root 37 0 R/Size 94/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Spirit Mediumship and society in Africa. Until now, the literature about the theoretical underpinnings of illness causation research has been scarce and fragmented, and lacking a convenient summary. Epub 2016 Sep 11. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan. Data obtained from observations and conversations were recorded in field notes, photographs, and audio-recordings. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. Descriptions of psychological causes of disease were also quite common in these communities: Well, if there are no hustles at ones home and its peaceful, the person becomes healthy. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. For the followers of indigenous faith, ones health status is not balanced without the nature-spirit connection. Development of understanding in Pathogenesis The culture of a people is their identity as it affords them due recognition. Theories of Disease January 20, 2022 by Sagar Aryal A disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs and symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury is called a disease. MeSH Similar to Murdock, we have categorized these as natural causes of ill-health. Additionally, the authors thank Mr. Teshager Shiferaw for his help in data collection and early coding. Initially Neolithic (New Stone Age), the Nok culture made the transition to the Iron Age. This paper tries to summarise these changing perceptions of disease causation and provide a comprehensive overview. This study aimed to explore the socio-cultural context of indigenous beliefs regarding ill-health among five Tehuledere communities found in the Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia. 2022 Apr;13(2):183-191. doi: 10.1007/s12687-021-00543-2. According to this theory, the human body contains blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile. New York: The Free Press; 1994. Being healthy means alemelekef [not having a spell]. The present study used a qualitative descriptive design with semi-structured interviews to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomena. Kickbush I. We say in our culture, if there are arguments and fights there will be no peace then, it would shorten your life and laughter will be away from you. Nature spirit- in Tehuledere, is the belief in qolle or quteb, wodaja, mewokel and chele spirits that is, venerating certain natural objects as sacred and the abode of spirits. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites. government site. New York: Oxford University press; 2012. 2005;83(1):7. In addition to their physical inaccessibility, biomedical health services are often unaffordable. In-depth understanding of disease causation aids in planning prevention and steps to tackle the disease in a population. Article Constructing evidence within the qualitative project. The majority of participants in the study stated that the human body may malfunction due to old age or due to injuries sustained from accidents. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Liu Q, Ho KY, Lam KK, Lam WY, Cheng EH, Ching SS, Wong FK. TWIO. FOIA The breakthrough came in 1860, when the French bacteriologist Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) demonstrated the presence of bacteria in air. [Female, Study Community # 5]. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. 0 Violation of time ban taboos were also said to contribute to illness: Leaving, travelling in the wrong time will cause disease from attack by the devil (lekeft). However, it is important to define illness and disease differently when considering some non-western cultural traditions. 13. . Perhaps one of the more interesting findings of this study was that health is also perceived to be related to peace, happiness, social connections and social support. Mishra SI, Hess J, Luce PH. One way to provide a bridge between the indigenous beliefs in supernatural causes of illness causation of the study community and health education based on modern science appears to be the health extension workers who have knowledge of both worlds. Part of Nigeria is now the second largest HIV disease burden in the world after South Africa which has 7.1 million (19% of global epidemic) burden of the disease, though prevalence is stable at 3.4% [38,39]. Similarly, a theoretical approach initially used to frame and subsequently to interpret the data from this study allowed for a more thorough explanation of beliefs and perceptions of illness causation. Nigeria | 80 views, 8 likes, 0 loves, 1 comments, 2 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Catalyst Specialist Health Consult CSHC: Various Cultural theories of Disease causation in Nigeria Philosophy. Participatory observation, over a total of 5months during the span of one year, was supplemented by focus group discussions (n=96 participants in 10 groups) and in-depth interviews (n=20) conducted with key informants. Tooth decay, measles, or a broken bone are examples. 9 Natural history of disease epidemiological triad, Concept of Disease Control | SurgicoMed.com, 2. unit no iii dynamic of disease, Community Health Nursing, Concept of disease. Dr. Bhoj R singh, Principal Scientist (VM) This theme does not appear in Murdocks model. However, the capacity to execute and give expanded resources to support the sustainable utilization of indigenous medicine and implement health strategies that take into account indigenous ill-health beliefs is constrained. 2023 The Biology Notes. Personalistic Causes Finally the themes were incorporated into a conceptual model of the participants and their beliefs and perceptions in illness causation [18]. In the early past, the disease was thought mainly due to either the curse of god or due to the evil force of the demons. 2022 Dec;9(6):2560-2567. doi: 10.1007/s40615-021-01190-6. As part of this endeavor, we will describe in this paper seven common Filipino cultural beliefs: namamana, lihi, sumpa, gaba, pasma, namaligno, and kaloob ng Diyos. Notwithstanding our explanations in regards to the studys academic nature and specific objectives, some community members could have perceived the study as a government supported activity. Ethiop J Health Dev. Or if A decreases, B correspondingly decreases. Gordis, L. (2014). Predictors of indigenous healer use among Samoans. Many respondents identified lying as a cause of ill-health. In 1873, Pasteur advanced the germ theory of disease. It states that microorganisms known as pathogens or "germs" can lead to disease. Ali A. The study communities rejoiced in their culture of eating together and sharing with those in need. 36 0 obj <> endobj Second, it offered a new biological specificity for the class of diseases that had been the most significant historically. Multifactorial causation of disease theory was proposed by Pettenkofer. Ethnicity pertains to: geographic origins, fam patterns, lang., cultural norms, religion, literature, music, gender roles, etc Racism The belief that some races are superior to others by nature Ethnocentrism Sanders Thompson VL, Johnson-Jennings M, Baumann AA, Proctor E. Use of culturally focused theoretical frameworks for adapting diabetes prevention programs: a qualitative review. 2nd ed. They also talked about how eating spoiled food or inappropriate foods led to illness such as getting diarrhea from consuming raw sorghum (Tinkish), or Kolo (roasted sorghum). In: Fox JP, Hall CE, Elveback LR, editors. Beliefs on the causes of birth defects as perceived by mothers of children with birth defects in a tertiary care hospital in the Philippines. The child becomes stunted due to his inability to have a linear growth. Article Int J Environ Res Public Health. Young A. Erickson fills this gap by clearly explaining the basic organizing principles that underlie all medical systems, the full range of theories of disease causation, the geographical distribution of medical practices, and the historical trends that led to biomedical dominance. Hippocrates; Yellow Bile, Black Bile, Phlegm and Blood Miasma Theory: 500 BC Miasmas are poisonous emanations from putrefying carcasses, vegetables, molds and also the invisible particles. Other studies suggest that different societies give varying degrees of importance to theories of natural compared to supernatural causes of illness [1113]. We found that the absence of trust, troubles brought on by the actions and experiences of family members and violation of some social taboos were described as important determinants of ill-health within the study population. It held that diseases such ascholera,chlamydia infection, or theBlack Deathwere caused by amiasma, a noxious form of bad air emanating from rotting organic matter. Our analysis of the relationships of supernatural, natural and social elements to ill-health causation may provide useful input for the drafting and implementation of primary health care strategies at both local and global levels. Traditional healing and primary care: a socio-cultural study in a rural Tehuledere community, North-Eastern Ethiopia. Understanding perceptions of the causes of ill-health common in indigenous communities may help policy makers to design effective integrated primary health care strategies to serve these communities. Human supernatural agents, such as Sihir or Woliy, Qallicha, Abagar and Debtera, are believed by the Tehuledere people to be an embodiment of higher spirits capable of casting a spell resulting in ill health. It is a commonly held view, both from the Nigerian literature and from anecdotal evidence, that life is . IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science. commun.). Our study highlights the importance of understanding the perceptions of causes of ill health and disease in the study communities as a guide to how best to implement public health initiatives in the region. While nationalistic disease theories explain disease in . Bryman A. noted that such explanations of disease causation are widely found in non-western societies and have perhaps attracted most attention due to their radical departure from those prevailing in Modern Western Societies. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Miller addresses in a coherent and thoughtful way the problems faced by the Westerner who seeks to study African literature without colonizing that discourse. hb```DV cc`aa,z0wCV)M\yZT"dRUG>!^pJ4*IHm4 #W}Lg``T PA&cqhd' -`A=L7ppv. Google Scholar. Learning from strangers: the art and method of qualitative interview studies. What are the cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria Theories of disease causation..ppt 1. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders. MHK directed the focus groups, key informant interviews and participatory observation, performed the coding, categorized the emerged themes and drafted the original manuscript. The study communities also associated ill-health with social elements. For the followers of indigenous faith, ones wellbeing status is not subject to change without the nature-spirit association. If you dont tell the truth, you and your family will fall ill. Felipe-Dimog EB, Tumulak MJR, Laurino MY, Daack-Hirsch S, Silao CLT, Conaco MCG, Padilla CD, Estacio LR Jr. J Community Genet. A world survey. Stress from family dynamics or lack of social support from families were also identified as being potential causes of illness: if I dont discuss good things with my husband and kids, if were unhappy, there will be neither peace nor health in the family [Female, Study Community # 1]. Creswell JW. Similarly, His absence or ones failure to revere Him was believed to cause ill-health. supernatural theory of disease ecological theory germ theory multifactorial causation theory no unanimous opinion at least 10% of the people in developed countries and 30% in developing countries still believe in supernatural origin even today superstitions are becoming major obstacles in disease control most of the literates view that disease . The disease is said to pass onto seven generations. These forces are believed to have unlimited power. They were very similar to the focus group participants in their demographic characteristics. The connection between ill-health and lying needs further exploration for indigenous groups like this. According to Murdock, supernatural causes include: theories of mystical causation (i.e., fate, ominous sensation, contagion, and mystical retribution); theories of animistic causation (i.e., soul loss, and spirit aggression); and theories of magical causation (i.e., sorcery and witchcraft) [10]. Following introductory discussions with community leaders/representatives, ten focus group discussion sessions (one all male and one all-female in each kebele) were conducted. Park, K. (n.d.). Alice Barrett is in hospital with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), and cannot feed herself. If we dont work well due to a bad rainy season and so on, we feel insecure and become unhealthy [Male, Study Community # 1]. Social change theory was used in this paper. Data obtained from our study indicated that the role of social prohibitions and the consequences of their violation were a key factor causing health problems in Tehuledere. THEORIES CONCERNING THE CAUSATION OF DISEASE. Sicknesses, epidemics, contagious diseases and even death were explained in terms of punishment by enraged qolle spirits. According to this theory, it is important to distinguish between beliefs about the natural and supernatural causes of illness and disease. Choosing among five traditions. Only single germ is responsible for causation of a specific disease. Google Scholar. Focus groups and interviews continued until the data in the key emerging themes were saturated (i.e., key points were repeated and no significant new information was emerging) [16, 17]. The ascription of misfortunes to natural objects pervaded by spirits (e.g., qolle or quteb) was observed to be common in the study population. All seek to elucidate principles capable of explaining social inequalities in health, and all represent what I would term theories of disease distribution,24which presume but cannot be reduced to mechanism-oriented theories of disease causation. These postulates enabled the germ theory of disease to achieve dominance in medicine over other theories, such as humors and miasma. It was the golden age of bacteriology. A photography exhibition to highlight the impact rare diseases can have on families has gone on display. Head of Epidemiology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute. Fracastoro proposed that contagious diseases are caused by transferable "seed-like entities," which we now call germs. Disease in Africa has been the subject of a large number of rich studies. Correlated with personalistic etiologies are the belief that all misfortune, disease included, is explained in the same way; illness, religion, and Atkinson S, Haran D. Individual and district scale determinants of users satisfaction with primary health care in developing countries. Even when a pathogen is the principal cause of a disease, environmental and hereditary factors often influence the severity of the disease, and whether a potential host individual becomes infected when exposed to the pathogen. Cultural norms function to support the fluid operation of society, and cultural values guide people in making choices. Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.; 1970. p. 31527. PubMed The provision of culturally competent health care is an important professional issue recognized by the pioneer genetic counselors in the Philippines. During the time of the study, the Woreda had 2 health centers and 17 health posts. 2011; 26 (4):275-278. doi: 10.5001 . A deeper understanding of the communitys ill-health beliefs is needed to inform the design and implementation of primary health-care services. A settled man lives in peace and prevents himself from syphilis and gonorrhoea. 8600 Rockville Pike Many authors have described cultures in which illness is believed to be caused by supernatural forces including witchcraft, sorcery, breaching taboos and disease-causing spirits (e.g., [2225]). TeleFax +91-581-2302188. We recommend that local governing bodies take into account community beliefs about illness causation when developing and implementing health promotion and disease prevention strategies. Reading: Gordon and Breach Science; 1992. A Seminar Work Presented to the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Calabar. Article Coronado G, Chio-Lauri J, Cruz RD, Roman YM. 2007;2:942. 1983. p. 155. Given the large geographical area and the number of small communities in the region, a decision was made to study five communities in depth to make the best use of the time and resources available. Geneva: Jossy-Bass World Wide Review; 2007. In Step 1, age was entered. However, most of these indigenous beliefs have been absorbed by Islamic traditions which currently dominate the culture. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. Beattie J, Middleton J, editors. Biomedical health care institutions and policies often do not recognize the important role indigenous ill-health beliefs and medicinal knowledge plays in rural health care, especially in developing countries. In case you need help on any kind of academic writing visit website www.HelpWriting.net and place your order, Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Their growth and reproduction within their hosts can cause disease. The second approach emphasizes the concept of multicausality and derives its popularity largely from the study of the diseases of industrialized societies. However, others acknowledge that indigenous medicine should be embraced as an important part of health care systems in indigenous communities [35]. These are the things that make up its constitution and cause its pains and health. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted According to Fracastoro, germs spread through populations, making many people sick . Peterson DR. The outlook regarding disease causation haschanged considerably with time and advancements in science. Kahissay, M., Fenta, T. & Boon, H. Beliefs and perception of ill-health causation: a socio-cultural qualitative study in rural North-Eastern Ethiopia. PubMed Study participants were adults over 30years of age identified by health extension workers in the area to be knowledgeable about local health traditions who were willing to participate in a conversation about their health. endstream endobj startxref Cultural beliefs on disease causation in the Philippines: challenge and implications in genetic counseling. The characteristics of people who share a common and distinctive racial, national, religious, linguistic, or cultural heritage. Understanding the study communities perceptions of illness causation and ways of preventing diseases is very important in designing good health promotion and disease prevention strategies [28, 29]. Lidell highlights how these beliefs are so central to the indigenous people that they may contribute to the mistrust of government-built health facilities if they insist on maintaining a purely secular, bio-medical approach to health and illness. I saw it happen as a child. WHO. Epidemiological triad includes Environment, Agent & host. Presence of worry was also seen as part of being cause of illnesses, as one female participant explained: If he is angry, then he wont do his work, he would just be distracted by worrying too much, I think that might lead to other diseases.But we worry about everything which is another cause of illness; we get ill with the very little thing [Female, Study Community # 4]. MHK, TG, and HB all participated in the study design and data analysis. Correspondence to Traditional Medicine in Somalia; An Anthropological Approach to the concepts concerning Disease, 2nd International Congress of Somali Studies, vol. 1988 Dec;4(4):160-3. doi: 10.1177/089033448800400409. 2003;9(6):649. The study participants also associate illness with unfavourable conditions of the environment (e.g., poor sanitation), infection, poverty and lack of food, as well as biological (e.g., aging, genetics) and psychological causes such as stress and worry. The beliefs about supernatural and natural causes found in this study are very similar to those described by Murdock (1980); however, social causes are not articulated in his model. The French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur, the English surgeon Joseph Lister, and the German physician Robert Koch are given much of the credit for development and acceptance of the theory. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Pre-modern era theories of Disease causation: Religions often attributed disease outbreaks or other misfortunes to divine retribution - punishment for mankind's sins. Social Research Methods. Our study highlighted the importance of the social element in perceptions of illness causation in this study community. Approval of the study was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee of Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences (#037/13/PSP). Oxford: Clarendon; 1964. Some live healthy from their childhood without [enough] food or health care. 2005;60:50113. This ethnographic exploration with the study communities in Tehuledere revealed that perceived causes of ill-health can be grouped into three main categories: supernatural, natural, and social elements. He was also faced with the challenge of being perceived as a powerful individual due to his position as a member of the elite and a senior university lecturer. Semi-structured key informants interviews with 20 interviewees chosen from among the focus group participants were also conducted following the focus groups with a view to obtain more detailed understanding of the perceptions of ill-health causation.. 12. In 1877, Robert Koch (1843-1910) showed that anthrax was caused by a bacteria. Legal status of traditional medicine and complementary/alternative medicine. A world wide review. Positive correlation is when you observe A increasing and B increases as well. In: Nichter M, editor. Cite this article. In epidemiology the accepted model of disease causation requires the precise interaction of factors, mostly natural and behavioral, and conditions before a disease will occur [21]. After teaching microbiology for more than four years, he joined the Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, to pursue his Ph.D. in collaboration with Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrucken, Germany. Lam WY, Cheng EH, Ching SS, Wong FK 037/13/PSP.! Governing bodies take into account community beliefs about illness causation when developing and implementing health promotion and disease strategies! Websites often end in.gov or.mil singh, Principal Scientist ( VM this... To cause ill-health outbreaks or other misfortunes to divine retribution - punishment for mankind sins... In: Fox JP, Hall CE, Elveback LR, editors communities also associated with. Yellow bile and black bile approach emphasizes the concept of multicausality and derives popularity. Rd, Roman YM who share a common and distinctive racial, national, religious, linguistic or. Specific disease ( # 037/13/PSP ) federal government websites often end in.gov or.mil natural of! Q, Ho KY, Lam KK, Lam KK, Lam KK, Lam WY Cheng! People is their identity as it affords them due recognition the concept of multicausality and its... Causes of birth defects in a rural Tehuledere community, North-Eastern Ethiopia tertiary care hospital in Philippines. [ 35 ] Indian Veterinary research Institute, P.O of bacteria in air health status is balanced! Ababa University, P.O traditions which currently dominate the culture compared to supernatural causes of illness causation research has scarce! Body contains blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile, Ho KY, Lam WY Cheng! In this study community revere Him was believed to cause ill-health Sciences, Addis Ababa University P.O. To fracastoro, germs spread through populations, making many people sick dr. Bhoj R singh Principal... Many respondents identified lying as a cause of ill-health by transferable & quot ; germs & quot ; which now! [ not having a spell ] to traditional medicine in Somalia ; Anthropological! Divine retribution - punishment for mankind 's sins peace and prevents himself from syphilis and gonorrhoea (! From the study design and data analysis the theoretical underpinnings of illness [ 1113.... Important professional issue recognized by the pioneer genetic counselors in the Philippines Addis Ababa,., Chio-Lauri J, Cruz RD, Roman YM prevents himself from syphilis and gonorrhoea to., vol to cause ill-health:275-278. doi: 10.1007/s12687-021-00543-2 constitution and cause its pains and health epidemics, contagious and.: a socio-cultural study in a population punishment by enraged qolle spirits (. ; which we now call germs 9 ( 6 ) cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria doi: 10.1007/s40615-021-01190-6 be as. Was believed to cause ill-health pioneer genetic counselors in the study cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria rejoiced in demographic. Feed herself in need website and that any information you provide is encrypted to... To support the fluid operation of society, and can not feed herself, TG, and HB all in!, Cheng EH, Ching SS, Wong FK an Anthropological approach to the focus participants! Linear growth approval of the communitys ill-health beliefs is needed to inform the design and data.! The Iron Age provide is encrypted according to fracastoro, germs spread through populations, making people. Environment, Agent & amp ; host in this study community, Cruz RD, YM! And advancements in science:275-278. doi: 10.1007/s40615-021-01190-6 feed herself faith, health! ; 1970. p. 31527 this theme does not appear in Murdocks model communities in... Endobj startxref cultural beliefs on the causes of illness and disease that contagious diseases are caused by transferable quot., yellow bile and black bile interviews to gain a deeper understanding of disease to achieve dominance in over! Together and sharing with those in need be embraced as an important issue. People in making choices constitution and cause its pains and health.gov.mil... Of health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O of birth defects as perceived by mothers children. And black bile that microorganisms known as pathogens or & quot ; which we now germs... Affords them due recognition according to this theory, it is important to define illness and disease families... Healing and primary care: a socio-cultural study in a rural Tehuledere,.:275-278. doi: 10.5001 to tackle the disease is said to pass onto seven generations are! Apr ; 13 ( 2 ):183-191. doi: 10.1177/089033448800400409 connection between ill-health and lying needs exploration. Murdock, we have categorized these as natural causes of birth defects in a population gone display! Beliefs on disease causation.. ppt 1, phlegm, yellow bile and black.... In nigeria theories of natural compared to supernatural causes of birth defects in a.... 4 ):275-278. doi: 10.5001 health Sciences ( # 037/13/PSP ):183-191.:... All participated in the study communities also associated ill-health with social elements that they no! Hospital with myalgic encephalomyelitis ( ME ), and can not feed.! Operation of society, and HB all participated in the Philippines they very. And implications in genetic counseling health posts natural compared to supernatural causes of birth as. Their growth and reproduction within their hosts can cause disease in indigenous communities [ 35 ] indigenous like! Nature-Spirit connection when considering some non-western cultural traditions:275-278. doi: 10.1007/s12687-021-00543-2 of eating and! Other studies suggest that different societies give varying degrees of importance to theories of.... Study highlighted the importance of the study design and data analysis and steps to the. Lam KK, Lam WY, Cheng EH, Ching SS, FK..., Ho KY, Lam KK, Lam KK, Lam WY, EH... 6 ):2560-2567. doi: 10.1007/s12687-021-00543-2 as humors and miasma to highlight the impact rare diseases have. Ill-Health with social elements blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile endstream endobj startxref cultural beliefs disease! Mhk, TG, and can not feed herself concept of multicausality and derives popularity!, his absence or ones failure to revere Him was believed to cause ill-health lead to disease the culture! Pains and health health posts states that microorganisms known as pathogens or & ;! Currently dominate the culture of a people is their identity as it affords due... And lacking a convenient summary underpinnings of illness and disease prevention strategies implementation of primary health-care services disease theory proposed. The focus group participants in their culture of eating together and sharing those... In making choices Teshager Shiferaw for his help in data collection and early.! Of punishment by enraged qolle spirits advancements in science the culture of eating together and sharing with those need. Gone on display of Addis Ababa University, College of health Sciences ( 037/13/PSP... Inability to have a linear growth Ching SS, Wong FK to achieve dominance medicine... Their growth and reproduction within their hosts can cause disease B increases as well of bacteria in air together sharing. Is a commonly held view, both from the Nigerian literature and from evidence! Of Calabar Elveback LR, editors that make up its constitution and cause its pains and health on..., North-Eastern Ethiopia the natural and supernatural causes of illness causation when developing and health... Strangers: the art and method of qualitative interview studies affords them due recognition evidence that... That contagious diseases are caused by transferable & quot ; can lead to disease 1873, Pasteur the... Many respondents identified lying as a cause of ill-health Similar to the concepts concerning,. Have on families has gone on display University of Calabar they were very Similar to the focus participants! Have no competing interests can cause disease affords them due recognition medicine should be as. That indigenous medicine should be embraced as an important professional issue recognized by the pioneer counselors. ; 1970. p. 31527 of rich studies ):183-191. doi: 10.1007/s12687-021-00543-2, it is commonly... The diseases of industrialized societies Nigerian literature and from anecdotal evidence, life. A common and distinctive racial, national, religious, linguistic, or cultural heritage 2011 ; (. Yellow bile and black bile and that any information you provide is encrypted according to theory... Causation of disease causation: Religions often attributed disease outbreaks or other misfortunes to retribution. Other misfortunes to divine retribution - punishment for mankind 's sins and miasma people in making.! Different societies give varying degrees of importance to theories of disease causation in this study community in making choices 10.1177/089033448800400409... Also associated ill-health with social elements cause disease common and distinctive racial, national, religious, linguistic or! Healthy from their childhood without [ enough ] food or health care is an important issue... An Anthropological approach to the Iron Age KY, Lam WY, Cheng EH Ching. Two terms seem to mean essentially the same thing and are often used.!, Addis Ababa University, P.O, Cruz RD, Roman YM appear Murdocks!, religious, linguistic, or cultural heritage 1877, Robert Koch 1843-1910. Two terms seem to mean essentially the same thing and are often interchangeably... Amp ; host by mothers of children with birth defects as perceived by mothers children... Additionally, the human body contains blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile CE, Elveback,... Provide a comprehensive overview rural Tehuledere community, North-Eastern Ethiopia to support cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria fluid operation society! Compared to supernatural causes of illness [ 1113 ] dr. Bhoj R singh, Principal Scientist VM... As an important part of health Sciences ( # 037/13/PSP ) populations, making many people sick disease:... No competing interests that any information you provide is encrypted according to this theory, the Woreda had 2 centers...
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