/K 58 >> /Flags 32 endobj >> >> /P 340 0 R /Pg 36 0 R << endobj 492 0 obj >> /P 394 0 R /F5 16 0 R Stage 5: Further Changes in Birth Rates. /K [ 422 0 R ] /Pg 36 0 R endobj endobj /K [ 276 0 R ] /P 319 0 R /Pg 3 0 R In 1997 CBR=21.0, CDR=5.5 and PGR=1.64, so Bangladesh lies within stage 2. /K [ 77 ] World Bank, Washington DC, World Bank (2016) Global monitoring report 2015/2016development goals in an era of demographic change. /K 100 /Pg 36 0 R >> >> << endobj In 2011-2018, the CBR and the CDR and consequently PGR are very slow that means nearly constant and difference is near about zero. << /Pg 36 0 R /Pg 41 0 R /P 69 0 R endobj >> /S /Span << /S /TR /S /P /FXX3 517 0 R The World Bank Office, Dhaka, World Bank, World Development Indicators (2020a) GDP per capita (current US$) [Data File]. endobj << >> /S /TR /K [ 47 ] << /S /P /Subtype /TrueType battery energy storage systems (BESS) to the point of /P 242 0 R /FontDescriptor 10 0 R /K 112 >> 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. /Pg 41 0 R /P 214 0 R In 2001 to 2010, CDR of Bangladesh was also high and negative. What is Stage 4 of the demographic transition model? >> << << >> >> endobj The recent advances in battery >> /Pg 3 0 R >> /K [ 362 0 R ] endobj /P 109 0 R /K [ 224 0 R ] 306 0 obj >> Country to country varies fertility rates because of many biological and political reasons (Table 1). endobj /Pg 3 0 R << /FXX2 516 0 R Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS?locations=BD-1W, World Bank, World Development Indicators (2020g) School enrollment, tertiary, female (% gross) [Data File]. 471 0 R 473 0 R ] 309 0 obj Population growth is slow and fluctuating. /Pg 3 0 R 193 0 obj /K [ 192 0 R ] endobj << << /S /TD endobj >> Death rates continue to decrease at a lower speed. endobj >> /S /P >> /K [ 24 ] /Pg 3 0 R /P 381 0 R << Department of Statistics /S /TR 3 0 obj In Stage II DR was decreasing but BR was remaining at high level and mortality rate was decreasing and fertility rate was stable until for 50 years and GR was 2.7% per year. /K [ 395 0 R 397 0 R 399 0 R 401 0 R 403 0 R 405 0 R 407 0 R 409 0 R 411 0 R ] stream >> /K [ 114 ] /Pg 36 0 R /P 242 0 R << Revised: 29-Apr-2022, Manuscript No. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? /P 358 0 R /Pg 36 0 R Stage 4. /S /P International economic association series. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2008.09.006, Mason A, Lee R (2006) Reform and support systems for the elderly in developing countries: capturing the second demographic dividend. /Pg 36 0 R >> /MaxWidth 1948 /K [ 48 ] endobj /FirstChar 58 /K [ 119 ] /Subtype /Type0 /K [ 72 ] endobj << /S /TR 355 0 obj 179 0 obj /Pg 36 0 R 454 0 obj /Pg 3 0 R >> /S /P /Pg 41 0 R /S /TD << 189 0 obj /Pg 36 0 R /BaseFont /Times#20New#20Roman 211 0 obj Among the transition stages of demographic transition theory, in the first stage, BR and DR are increasing equally, as a result population growth rate is zero. /K [ 136 0 R ] << >> /Pg 36 0 R /P 48 0 R /Pg 36 0 R endobj /P 253 0 R endobj 94 0 obj /Pg 36 0 R 474 0 obj >> /S /P /K [ 69 ] /Pg 36 0 R 150 0 obj >> << 43 0 obj According to data, from the four decades of Bangladesh concluding that crude death rate is high and consequently gradually decreasing. endobj /P 379 0 R << endobj endobj /P 143 0 R /S /P In stage I BR and DR was high and GR was less than 1% per year. /Pg 36 0 R /K 76 The rate of rise is negative, which is a frequent characteristic of a country in the fifth stage of development. endobj /S /Span 68 0 obj /Pg 3 0 R /K [ 1 ] Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. << endobj /K [ 112 0 R ] << >> 251 0 obj >> When education and gender equality are achieved in areas, the faster birth rates decline. /K [ 77 ] /CIDToGIDMap /Identity 530 0 obj 281 0 obj /K [ 73 ] endobj << << << /S /LBody /P 286 0 R >> /Pg 36 0 R >> /K [ 170 0 R ] /Pg 36 0 R >> /Pg 36 0 R >> endobj Investments in education, health and /K [ 396 0 R ] endobj [ 471 0 R 475 0 R 477 0 R 479 0 R 481 0 R 483 0 R 485 0 R 487 0 R 489 0 R ] /Pg 41 0 R << /K [ 404 0 R ] << 86 0 obj /K [ 84 ] endobj The decline in birth rate is dependent on the economic and social factors [12]. /P 401 0 R particularly those for poverty reduction, gender parity in /P 69 0 R In 1991 to 2000, CBR of Bangladesh was also high but started decreasing which lies between (31.6-19.0). /ModDate (D:20200409105304+05'30') 144 0 obj endobj /K [ 92 0 R ] Hence finally it may be said that using the demographic transition model Bangladesh is still now staying in stage two. /Pg 3 0 R 442 0 obj endobj /Pg 30 0 R endobj ]/!za4';!> |cLp2k=7^l1>aL N4#70~|!pa0"c -lZ368n|oa:9>`52A=&h W0CtYz1L#$2!Fqz9 /P 268 0 R endobj Populat Bull 67(2):212, Higgins M (1998) Demography, national savings, and international capital flows. /P 48 0 R /P 48 0 R /Pg 36 0 R Because of womens entering in every sector such as government job sector, private sector, agriculture sector, political sector, industrialized sector etc. /S /TD /Pg 25 0 R endobj /Pg 36 0 R /FontWeight 400 /P 195 0 R 45 0 obj Bangladesh PGR data of (1991-2000) taken from BBS. /S /TD << /K [ 424 0 R ] /S /Span /K [ 186 0 R ] Stage 1 of the Demographic Transition Model is considered the pre-industrial stage, . /XHeight 250 endobj Bangladesh CBR, CDR and GR data of (1981-2018) taken from BBS. becoming increasingly cost-effective projects to serve a >> /S /Sect endobj 279 0 obj >> /S /TD /S /P /Pg 36 0 R /S /TD /K [ 67 ] /Pg 3 0 R << /K [ 474 0 R 476 0 R 478 0 R 480 0 R 482 0 R 484 0 R 486 0 R 488 0 R ] /Pg 36 0 R /K [ 97 ] /K [ 444 0 R ] /Type /Font /K [ 194 0 R ] /P 48 0 R /P 377 0 R /P 71 0 R /S /P >> /ItalicAngle 0 /K [ 82 ] /S /P 448 0 obj >> /K [ 316 0 R ] << achieving the 2015millennium Development Goals (MDGs), << /Pg 36 0 R https://doi.org/10.1007/s12546-016-9174-z, Joe W, Kumar A, Rajpal S (2018) Swimming against the tide: economic growth and demographic dividend in India. Stage 2: Population Explosion. >> /Descent -216 JavaScript is disabled for your browser. << /P 214 0 R >> /P 48 0 R /S /Span /K [ 75 ] /S /P /K [ 215 0 R 217 0 R 219 0 R 221 0 R 223 0 R 225 0 R ] /P 304 0 R /P 48 0 R /Pg 36 0 R /Descent -250 /P 187 0 R /Type /Font /S /TD << /K [ 76 0 R ] /P 448 0 R /K [ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 /Pg 36 0 R /Length 11675 /K [ 39 ] [ 20 0 R ] >> /P 209 0 R /K [ 90 ] /S /TD >> /S /P >> /F1 5 0 R >> /K [ 344 0 R ] /StemV 40 /Pg 36 0 R endobj endobj Figure 1. endobj >> /S /LBody << 79 [ 278 778 556 500 500 ] 85 [ 389 389 278 ] 89 [ 444 667 ] 182 [ 333 ] ] Bangladesh alone. << Bangladesh has been a star performer on fertility reduction, reducing its TFR from 6.7 in 1960 to 2.1 in 2017 (i.e. . /P 409 0 R /Pg 36 0 R /S /TR While Investments in education, health and /S /TD /Pg 3 0 R 395 0 obj endobj /SMask /None 488 0 obj >> /Pg 36 0 R /S /TD /K [ 479 0 R ] >> /AIS false >> 67 0 obj /K [ 98 ] /FontName /Times#20New#20Roman,BoldItalic /Pg 36 0 R 56 0 obj >> /Pg 36 0 R >> /P 202 0 R >> /S /TD endobj 359 0 obj endobj << Additionally, educated women and working women all time wants to keep small family and do not want to take more children. In 2011 to 2018, the CBR of Bangladesh is also high but the decreasing rate is slow. /K [ 88 ] The World Bank, Washington DC, Center for Policy Dialogue (CPD) (2018) Bangladesh economy in FY2017-18: interim review of macroeconomic performance. /K [ 60 ] 274 0 obj /Pg 3 0 R /P 142 0 R 229 0 obj 243 0 obj 377 0 obj /S /P East West Center Working Papers. endobj /FontWeight 700 << >> /P 223 0 R /P 48 0 R << << >> 443 0 obj /S /TD /K [ 45 ] << /Pg 3 0 R /S /TR /K [ 432 0 R ] 510 0 obj disaggregated data show that disparities in access continue /XHeight 250 /P 394 0 R /P 118 0 R [ 49 0 R 49 0 R 49 0 R 49 0 R 49 0 R 49 0 R 49 0 R 49 0 R 49 0 R 49 0 R 49 0 R 49 0 R endobj /Pg 3 0 R 24 0 obj /S /P >> << << /K [ 8 ] In 2006 CBR=20.6, CDR=5.6 and PGR=1.49, so Bangladesh lies within stage 2. endobj Populat Aging 5:281298. << Quantifying the We used data from the national level census and surveys, the World Bank and data from the United Nations Population Division. << For some different improvement in different sectors some countries are go into in stage IV especially developed countries i.e, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, most of Europe, Singapore, South Korea, and the U.S. /K [ 92 ] endobj >> /K [ 356 0 R ] /S /TD /P 48 0 R 556 0 444 389 333 556 0 722 0 500 0 0 220 ] << endobj When they are, why do they often fail to generate development outcomes such as security, growth, and equity? /K [ 47 ] particularly those for poverty reduction, gender parity in endobj According to data, from the four decades of Bangladesh concluding that still now crude birth rate is so high. >> /S /P << The potential demographic dividend has been accelerated by the decline in fertility and mortality rate, and the increase in working-age people compared to the dependents over the last three decades. /K [ 57 ] /FontFile2 498 0 R Stage 4: Total population is high and growing slowly. endobj 77 0 obj According to data, from the four decades of Bangladesh concluding that crude death rate is high and consequently gradually decreasing. In 1991 to 2000, CDR of Bangladesh was also high and decreasing. /Pg 36 0 R /S /P >> /S /P << >> /S /TD << endobj /S /TR In Stage 3 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM), death rates are low and birth rates decrease, usually as a result of improved economic conditions, an increase in women's status and education, and access to contraception. /W 495 0 R 152 0 obj << >> /S /TD /S /TD /P 341 0 R /P 118 0 R 317 0 obj /K [ 87 ] [ 13 0 R ] /Pg 3 0 R /K [ 272 0 R ] endobj /FontName /Times#20New#20Roman,BoldItalic /P 253 0 R https://doi.org/10.2307/2061674, Khondker BH, Rahman MM (2018) Some estimates of first demographic dividend in Bangladesh: an application of the Bangladesh national transfer account. >> 334 0 obj endobj National Bureau of Economic Research, Book 425 0 obj << The difference is 0.9. 232 0 obj In 2009 CBR=19.4, CDR=5.8 and PGR=1.36, so Bangladesh lies within stage 2. /P 322 0 R /S /P << J. Soc. << >> /K [ 16 ] endobj << << The goal of the Doing Business series is to provide objective data for use by governments in designing sound business regulatory policies and to encourage research on the important dimensions of the regulatory environment for firms. /P 412 0 R >> J Econ Growth 14(2):79101. >> endobj << >> /P 130 0 R /S /LI /CapHeight 677 << >> /S /TD /XHeight 250 /K [ 43 ] >> /S /P >> /CA 1 /S /TD 80 0 obj /P 457 0 R /P 242 0 R 130 0 obj /Pg 36 0 R /P 70 0 R /Pg 3 0 R /Pg 3 0 R endobj >> In the 4th stage birth rate and death rate are decreasing as a same rate but decreasing rate is very low, as a result growth rate is zero or may be negative. << endobj /S /TD In phase 1, preindustrial cultures that have both high birth and death rates. /K [ 90 ] /S /TD /Pg 36 0 R /S /TD << >> /P 69 0 R /CA 1 /S /P >> In the 5th stage BR is less than DR (Table 3 and Figure 2). /K [ 420 0 R ] >> /Pg 41 0 R << In 2011 to 2018, CDR of Bangladesh is also high but started decreasing and decreasing rate of CBR is also slow. >> /Pg 36 0 R 380 0 obj endobj /P 421 0 R /P 242 0 R endobj /Pg 36 0 R 467 0 obj << endobj /K [ 288 0 R ] >> Bangladesh NGR data of (1981-2018) taken from BBS. 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 ] /P 242 0 R >> << /P 331 0 R /Descent -216 endobj 277 0 obj << << /K [ 290 0 R ] >> /Pg 36 0 R endobj << >> << /S /P endobj >> /S /P /P 371 0 R 8 Human Population. endobj limited experience in the economic and financial analysis of endobj /S /Transparency The Demographic Transition Model is a model that studies population trends in every country across the globe. /P 79 0 R /K [ 65 ] endobj endobj /K [ 8 ] /FirstChar 32 /S /TD /FontWeight 400 /P 48 0 R endobj /P 412 0 R 290 0 obj /S /P /StemV 40 /S /Span >> In 2001 to 2010, the CBR of Bangladesh was also high but started decreasing and the decreasing rate is negative. 18 0 obj /Pg 3 0 R /S /P endobj The demographic transition of different data of Bangladesh is presented in Table 2 and Figure 1, which expressed crude birth rates, crude death rates and growth rates over a period of 38 years. /S /TD /Type /FontDescriptor 453 0 obj The global food, fuel and economic crises have set /Pg 3 0 R 205 0 obj 423 0 obj /Pg 36 0 R Demographic Transition Model. >> /Pg 36 0 R Applying this familiarity between BR and DR, best demographic scientist revealed a model called demographic transition model, in short DTM. << endobj social protection are the key to improving the state of Bangladesh CDR data of (1981-2018) taken from BBS. /P 48 0 R /S /TD 2 0 obj << [ 278 ] /P 441 0 R /FontBBox [ -665 -210 2000 728 ] /Pg 36 0 R 482 0 obj /K [ 30 ] , Book 425 0 obj In 2009 CBR=19.4, CDR=5.8 and PGR=1.36 so... 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