In the wall-to-wall coverage of the crisis in Ukraine, a certain pattern has sometimes emerged that positions Ukrainians as different from other victims of conflict. RANA KHOURY: We certainly do see it play out in terms of the politics of refugee reception in the idea of whose burden should it be to take refugees who are from the global South, the Middle East, Africa, versus, you know, who is welcome and who can be brought in here. Staying Single: What Most People Do If They Divorce After 50, A Psychological Diagnosis for People Who Lie About Everything. ARI SHAPIRO, HOST: In the wall-to-wall coverage of the crisis in Ukraine, a certain pattern has sometimes emerged that positions Ukrainians as different from other victims of conflict. This stark contrast epitomizes Europes unequitable treatment of different refugee populations, with Ukrainians topping the refugee hierarchy. IE 11 is not supported. The UNHCR has warned that the conflation of refugees and migrants has politicized humanitarian work, but the distinction was political at the onset, as it prioritizes victims of physical violence over victims of structural and economic violence. The consequences are devastating, as reports of violence and insecurity in their countries of origin, along transit routes and in Mexico abound. foreigners). As the opposition fragmented into various factions, terrorist groups exploited the chaos, targeting both Assads forces and civilians. Andrew Limbong, NPR News. Again, Ukrainian refugees will now have the right to enter the European labor market. The reports advocate for lifting labor restrictions and preventing discrimination against asylum seekers. Since anger and hostility toward refugees might be related to the perception of injustice as well, we need to address feelings of injustice related to the obligation of accepting refugees and foreigners. The world is currently experiencing the largest refugee crisis since World War II. He's also covered the near collapse of the live music industry during the coronavirus pandemic. Kotada Al-Younes, a young Syrian journalist who has found exile in Sweden, told me that many Syrians in Sweden share this frustration with being confined and labelled as refugees: People want to keep their identity and their profession when they go abroad. In fact, research from the European Parliament shows that the latest migration inflow has not increased unemployment, but rather led to a growth in higher-wage jobs for native workers, as refugees and migrants primarily take over low-wage jobs. The U.S. has an opportunity to build off of its strong response to the Ukrainian refugee crisis. Snohomish County couple providing relief to Ukraine amid Russia conflict. Of those, 1.1 million are children, In addition, they pose a health threat because some refugees come from. An anchor for Al-Jazeera English called Ukrainian refugees, quote, "middle-class people," in comparison to refugees from the Middle East and North Africa. Lest we forget, barrel bombs are not the only threat to life. Every threat type was correlated with unfavorable views of migration and refugees and with favoring more restrictive control of migration. Both direct and indirect threats were related to unfavorable attitudes toward refugees, so there may be a bidirectional relationship between peoples attitudes and their perception of threat: The perception of threat gives rise to negative attitudes toward outsiders, and negative attitudes also cause greater threat perception. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. A charity that helps refugees has said there is a big variation in how the UK helps people from different countries. With blanket news coverage of the dire situation in Ukraine, Europeans are observing the situation of Ukrainians through this humanitarian lens and thus express greater support for them. This led to a disorganized and desperate re-migration throughout Europe, with refugees under continued fear of being repatriated. Refugee Children in U.S. Schools: A Toolkit for Teachers and School Personnel (Grant No. But research suggests some approaches can help communities successfully absorb all kinds of refugees Analysis by Claire. MAHDIS KESHAVARZ: I always kind of think this imagery of, like, this pearl clutch of being just aghast that something can happen in your backyard, where things are happening in other people's backyards all the time. One 2022 study examining over 4,000 asylum applications in France between 1976 and 2016 found that Muslims were less likely than Christians to receive asylum. This was shown in the behavior of newly certified French civil servants, who were more likely to reject Muslim applicants for refugee status; it was shown in the behavior of Swiss voters denying citizenship to Muslim applicants in direct democratic votes at higher rates than comparable Christians; and it was shown in the behavior of French citizens in experimental protocols fearing and discriminating against increasing numbers of Muslims in their midst more than Christians, even though both groups were from Senegal. Editor's note: Last year, thousands of asylum seekers and migrants from the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia found themselves used as pawns in a political showdown between Belarus and the EU: stuck in a dense forest along the Polish-Belarusian border and pushed back and forth by security services as temperatures plummeted below zero. "Countries that had been really negative on the refugee issue and have made it very difficult for the EU to develop coherent refugee policy over the last decade, suddenly come forward with a much . The deal gives EU states free passes to return migrants and failed asylum seekers to Turkey. This treatment also extended to racialized permanent . Palestinians, who have for decades lived in UN-assisted camps in the region. EuroNews Trevor Noah has slammed the double-standard between how African and Middle Eastern refugees are treated when fleeing to Europe in comparison to Ukrainians who are currently fleeing their country due to the Russian invasion. Guinean student Moustapha Bagui Sylla recalled, They stopped us at the border and told us that Blacks were not allowed. They also found that eligible voters favored refugees with higher employability. Chief among these is the so-called " jewelry law " - a measure which allows the government to seize asylum seekers' assets, including their jewelry, to fund their stay in the country. The reality, however, is that "both people and states do treat different groups of refugees in different ways, according to where they come from; according to their own perceptions of those people . ANDREW LIMBONG, BYLINE: On Friday, CBS News senior foreign correspondent Charlie D'Agata framed the fighting in Kyiv like this. as many EU members have already acknowledged, dismissed the EUs call for sharing the responsibility, could not only win skilled workers, but also hearts and minds, http://www.cfr.org/syria/assessing-syrian-refugee-crisis/p33595, Order from Ashes Podcast: Broken Bonds: Existential Crises, Order from Ashes Podcast: Broken Bonds: My Life as a Muslim Brother, Order from Ashes Podcast: The Earthquake, Cholera, and Borders, The Systems That Drive Corruption and Terrorism, Order from Ashes Podcast: Broken Bonds: No Identity, Q&A: Netanyahus Total War on Israels Judiciary. The Harbour Project charity said many Ukrainians received immediate refugee. In a survey of almost 20,000 Europeans across 15 countries in 2016, my IPL colleagues found a strong anti-Muslim bias. A further 133,000 have gone to Hungary, 72,000 to Slovakia, 51,260 to Romania, and nearly 98,000 . Media coverage of the invasion is part of the reason. LIMBONG: Keshavarz points to Poland accepting Ukrainian refugees when not that long ago, the country was telling scores of Afghans, Syrians and Iraqis, no, the country's full. When it comes to these refugees being treated differently during their time of need, Abdelaaty's research shows that the labels used to describe those fleeing their homelandrefugees and migrantsimpacts how countries respond, including the actual definitions of who is a refugee and who is a migrant. In 2016, Hungarian leader Viktor Orbn described migration as a poison, yet he recently exclaimed that Ukrainians are welcomed by friends in Hungary. EU nationseven those with notorious anti-migrant sentimentshave opened their arms and borders to Ukrainian refugees with unprecedented generosity. In addition, we should remember foreigners culture will change, particularly with intergroup contactjust as cultures of European immigrants to America have changed, as history shows. Fortunately for the Ukrainians, Ukraines westward neighbors are working assiduously to register and take initial responsibility for this unprecedented flow, which is likely to add another 5 million refugees from Ukraine within a year from the Russian invasion, nearly five times as fast as the flow from Syria and North Africa. Since the passage of the Refugee Act in 1980, the U.S. has admitted more than 3.1 million refugees, and since 1990 more than 700,000 people have been granted asylum. More than half - nearly 548,000 - have fled to Poland which shares a 500km border with Ukraine. By welcoming Ukrainian refugees and imposing economic sanctions on Russia, the EU has demonstrated its support for Ukrainian sovereignty and opposition to Russian aggression without direct military intervention. Assad sought to offer a stark choice between his secular rule and a jihadi alternative, creating a binary with no clean, moral winner. But many European leaders nonetheless feel they are under pressure to minimize the number of asylum seekers within their own country. said. MAHDIS KESHAVARZ: I always kind of think this imagery of, like, this pearl clutch of being just aghast that something can happen in your backyard, where things are happening in other people's backyards all the time. These asylum-seekers should be welcomed just like Afghans are being welcomed. The reasons for this difference. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health Services. Refugees are not citizens of the country of asylum and therefore have specific protection needs. Tradues em contexto de "refugees to being" en ingls-portugus da Reverso Context : In addition, it must withdraw its support for the EU decisions, which together with the Schengen Agreement and the Dublin Regulations, condemn thousands of refugees to being trapped in Greece against their will. Even though refugees are always victims of conflict, the civil war in Syria is more difficult to fit into this binary of right versus wrong, which may affect the EUs perceived political expediency of aiding Syrian refugees. Asylum applicants in northern Europe receive welfare benefits including free education and health care while their applications are being processed, which presents a considerable cost to society. These two groups are treated very differently, however, due to the prevalent stereotypes that exist about them in society. Religion is a key factor influencing attitudes toward refugees. Furthermore, according to Hanne Beirens, Migration Policy Institute think tank director, the prioritization of Ukrainian refugees restricts the resources available to other refugees, such as housing and language courses; this inequality creates a two-tiered system of refugee integration. Not only did those member states threaten vital diplomatic relationships by placing the burden on their neighbors, but they also may have placed their own security at risk with their anti-immigration, borderline xenophobic policies. Copyright 2022 NPR. She previously worked as a Middle East Fellow at the Independent Diplomat Advisory Group and as an adviser at the Permanent Mission of Afghanistan to the UN. D'AGATA: What I'd hoped to convey is that what's unique about the fighting underway here is that this country has not really seen the scale of war in recent years, unlike some LIMBONG: But it wasn't just CBS. All refugees deserve protection, not just our allies. In fixating on distinguishing the two, politicians tend to miss the benefits that integrating both refugees and migrants into the labor market could have on the national economy. NPR's Andrew Limbong has more. She says that's a pretty good sign of civilization. This crisis requires countries that are accepting refugees to have . Turkey, a crucial political ally in the region already overburdened with hosting almost three million Syrian refugees and managing a failing security sector, is not well-fit to host additional people.Sundays incidentwhen Turkish security guards shot and killed eleven Syrian refugees attempting to cross the Syria-Turkey borderis only the latest stark example of Turkeys inability to protect incoming migrants. And if you zoom way, way out when talking about refugees and displacement, countries in the Middle East, Africa and the global South have taken in more than their fair share of refugees. She and her daughters then found themselves on a bus back to Guatemala, the place where they had fled violence in the first place. But, as Katy Long argued in a policy brief for The Century Foundation, in the case of the United States, which accepted 69,900 refugees including a mere 2,192 Syrians last year, Western countries may be shooting themselves in the foot by outsourcing their migrant problem. The Century Foundation takes your data security and privacy seriously. That flow increased the worlds refugee population by about 9 million over the next decade, according to data from UNHRC, the United Nations Refugee Agency. During the 2015 refugee "crisis," the EU called for detaining arriving refugees for up to 18 months. The act allowed approximately 190,000 refugees, escapees, and expellees to arrive in the United States before the legislation . Arriving from the Middle East and Africa, non-Ukranian refugees are often otherized. The EU refused to activate the Temporary Protection Directive in 2015, incentivized other nations to thwart the flow of refugees, and neglected to discipline border patrol agents who violated the rights of asylum seekers. As such, refugees are generally asylum seekers who have been granted the right to asylum in another country (refugee status). In the past year, a record-high 65 million people have been displaced worldwide, including more than one million people who crossed borders into the European Union while thousands more died on the way. In late August, my colleagues from Jesuit Refugee Service Mexico traveled to the Mexican border with Guatemala to accompany those expelled from the U.S. on one of these flights. During the civil war, civilians were often purposefully caught in the crossfire between Assad and opposition forces; for example, in 2013, Assads forces waged chemical war against civilians, killing 1,400. Job insecurity, poverty, and hunger can leave people with no other choice but to risk everything on a boat across the Mediterranean. . Since 9/11, far-right terrorists have killed more people in the United States than Islamic jihadists. For the West, the line between right and wrong is simply the border between Ukraine and Russia. A refugee is someone who has been forced to flee his or her home because of war, violence or persecution, often without warning. But we need to remember that Europeans were impressively generous to the first wave of Syrian refugees, but as the numbers increased, attitudes quickly became exclusive. Landmann, H., Gaschler, R., & Rohmann, A. Businesses and civil society groups are busy developing training programs and job centers for asylum seekers to integrate into the system. The participants were initially asked how many refugees Germany could host per year and then asked what would happen if this number was exceeded. Compared to college students in previous samples, these participants reported perceiving even stronger threats and experiencing more hostility toward refugees. Swiss Justice Minister Karin Keller-Sutter predicted that up to 50,000 people from Ukraine would arrive in the country before June to date, the highest number of war refugees to enter Switzerland in the 21st century. Barbed political rhetoric both reflects and exacerbates these trends among Europeans. Yet, as Khalid notes, we do not have a stereotype of white people being inherently violent and prone to domestic terrorism." Branding Muslims as terrorists and using such accusations to reject Muslim asylum seekers are thinly veiled attempts for religious, racial, and ethnic prejudice to masquerade as national security concerns. The injunction also only applies to families, so single adults can continue to be removed. | king5.com. While the two categories are treated differently by law, in practice they are both asylum seekers. In contrast, a refugee arriving in America, after receiving a grant of $900 from the government, often has to rely on private aid organizations. Is it a vague feeling of hostility or does it stem from specific unpleasant experiences or future worries? More so, their action was a case study in poor strategic thinking. The International Monetary Fund has also urged the EU to lift labor restrictions on refugees and migrants, and reward employers for providing them employment. For instance, the culture the original Irish immigrants brought with them has evolved and mixed with the American culture. Palestinian refugees in Lebanon are being paid $350 a month to join the Russian army and then sent to fight in Ukraine, U.S. news agency The Media Line reported on Feb. 28, citing a Lebanese . Contrarily, due to racial, religious, cultural, and ethnic differences, Europeans feel less sympathy for other refugees. In 2012, at the onset of the current refugee crisis, I interviewed young Afghan and African asylum seekers in Denmark who expressed frustration with their confinement in asylum centers in remote areas, which they felt prevented them from integrating with their host community. The Detail asks why they are treated differently to refugees coming in through the quota system? For example, Orbn seeks to establish a Christian democracy in Hungary, and he has stated that Christian and Muslim society will never unite. This potent anti-Muslim, Christian supremacy rhetoric explains why Hungary welcomes Christian Ukrainians and rejects Muslim refugees from Africa and the Middle East. Andrew Limbong is a reporter for NPR's Arts Desk, where he does pieces on anything remotely related to arts or culture, from streamers looking for mental health on Twitch to Britney Spears' fight over her conservatorship. I need ammunition, not a ride from the war-torn streets of Kyiv, Zelensky has become a vocal, defiant defender of democracy and civil liberties, while Putin has trampled Russians freedoms, invaded a sovereign nation, and authorized countless war crimes in Ukraine. Assistant Professor Farzana Saleem on how to mitigate the toll racial stressors take on kids mental health. U.S. authorities are dedicating extra resources to pick up the rate of flights in order to remove them more quickly, saying six to eight flights a day will depart starting Tuesday. Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. However, IPL research has found that Europeans care deeply about fairness in the EU asylum system, and that large majorities would support a plan to allocate asylum seekers in proportion to each countrys capacity, even if that meant their own country would receive more. The way we talk about conflicts can impact those who are already most directly affected by war, refugees. The global refugee crisis: Empirical evidence and policy implications for improving public attitudes and facilitating refugee resettlement. The impact of racism on refugee treatment is evident in how African, Middle Eastern, and Asian refugees fleeing Ukraine are treated. In responding to refugee crises and surges in asylum applications, the EU has struggled to maintain unity and solidarity among member states. Ukrainian nationals are oftentimes allowed to board evacuation transportation ahead of foreign nationals, who also face more difficulties entering countries like Poland and acquiring suitable accommodations. Ukrainian refugees will not be as burdened by systemic failures in European migration policy as were the Syrians and North Africans in 2014-15. Stanford University. Refugees, for instance, pose an economic threat because they need jobs, low-cost housing, access to health care, etc. D'AGATA: What I'd hoped to convey is that what's unique about the fighting underway here is that this country has not really seen the scale of war in recent years, unlike some LIMBONG: But it wasn't just CBS. They can even enter Slovakia and Poland without papers, countries displaying potent anti-refugee sentiments during the 2015 Syrian refugee crisis. the population growth among the working age has increased while unemployment has decreased. Meanwhile, Poland erected a border fence, started to build a wall, passed legislation to make entry more difficult, and only accepted about 5.7 percent of asylum applications in 2020. Diplomas and qualifications have to be recognized by the national labor system, which depending on the level of education can take years. Just last week, the U.S. expelled 86 Haitians who fled the recent earthquake and political unrest, and flew them back to Haiti under this policy. Eastern Europe is treating Ukrainians better than Syrians and Afghansbut giving people the means to resist is the only way to prevent future crises. Syrians rejection of the refugee category reflects the widespread association in the Middle East of refugees with Palestinians, who have for decades lived in UN-assisted camps in the region. Many asylum applicants who technically fall under the refugee-protection category have been deported back to their home countries, where they are at great risk of torture or prosecution. Asked whether she recognised a difference in the treatment of refugees between 2015 and 2022, Frederiksen replied "yes, it is (different), because Ukraine is our region". As anthropologist Miriam Ticktin has documented, some even infect themselves with deadly diseases to gain protection as HIV-positive patients and thereby gain residence. For example, a person who fears he might catch a deadly disease from refugees is reacting to a direct threat, but a person who fears negative changes in politics of the country, such as a significant increase in popular support for extremist right-wing and far-right parties, is reacting to an indirect or extended threat. Rather than bringing people to safety via transit centers and, ultimately, to countries including the United States, these flights are sending vulnerable migrants and asylum-seekers back to danger. One of the many things that Russian President Vladimir Putin did not expect when he launched his gratuitously stupid invasion of Ukraine was international resolve. Americans see Afghan and Ukrainian refugees very differently. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. The Ukraine refugee crisis revealed deep-seated racism as racialized and Black refugees from Ukraine were treated differently. subscribe to Stanford Report. Religious and other prejudices are often intertwined; the disparity between how the EU treats Ukrainian and non-Ukrainian refugees stems from Europeans empathy for Ukrainians and the othering of African and Middle Eastern refugees. Furthermore, to many white and Christian Europeans, an influx of Middle Eastern and African Muslim refugees threatens power dynamics rooted in racial and religious hegemony, while incoming Ukrainians primarily strengthen them. We want to hear what you THINK. Melissa De Witte, Stanford News Service: mdewitte@stanford.edu, The researchers created maps showing where warmer weather has left trees in conditions that dont suit them, making them more prone to being replaced by other species. CHARLIE D'AGATA: You know, this is a relatively civilized, relatively European - I have to choose those words carefully, too - city where you wouldn't expect that LIMBONG: The phrasing rankled enough people that he issued a clarifying apology a day later. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC. In addition, they found that every threat typeeven altruistic threat (concerns about the host countrys ability to care for refugees)was linked with negative views of immigration and refugees. Statistics show that asylum centers tend to isolate residents and restrict their access to the labor market. Migrants, on the other hand, live without legal protection and can be deported at any time. Watch on. Accuracy and availability may vary. But several EU countries have implemented labor restrictive measures to avoid this. As Abdelaaty describes, welcoming refugees [condemns] the government that caused their flight and can help further discredit that government in the eyes of the world, as well as its own people. Therefore, welcoming Ukrainians is politically expedient for the EU. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. If they are able to overcome these barriers and enter the EU, non-Ukrainians face prolonged unemployment. Governments and civilians around the world have vocalized their support for Ukraine and opposition to Russia; therefore, the EU risks international backlash if it fails to absorb and aid millions of Ukrainian refugees. They concluded that the six threat types explained the data better than one general threat factor or two factors (i.e. It is not enough for them simply to stay alive. As of March 4, Canada has only resettled 8,580 of . The Century Foundation Whether the threat is true or imagined, immigrants might be perceived as threatening in a number of ways. The Harbour Project charity said many Ukrainians received immediate refugee. U.S. intelligence agencies have assessed that. For example, instead of comparing refugee numbers among European countries, refugee numbers in countries bordering conflict areas could be considered as a point of reference. Another way to reduce anger at refugees is by identifying responsibilities for social disruption, and understanding that European countries welfare is rooted in a global economy that sustains poverty in developing countries (p. 1416).1. And then asked what would happen if this number was exceeded sentimentshave opened their and! Resettled 8,580 of said many Ukrainians received immediate refugee West, the culture the original Irish immigrants with... Of different refugee populations, with refugees under continued fear of being repatriated 2016, my colleagues! Generally asylum seekers who have been granted the right to asylum in country!, & quot ; the EU to isolate residents and restrict their access the. From different countries most meaningful life possible feel less sympathy for other refugees approximately! To refugees coming in through the quota system a stereotype of white people being inherently violent and prone to terrorism! Both reflects and exacerbates these trends among Europeans data better than one general threat factor or two factors i.e. Staying Single: what most people Do if they are both asylum seekers Africans 2014-15. Boat across the Mediterranean leaders nonetheless feel they are under pressure to minimize the number of asylum to. And can be deported at any time Miriam Ticktin has documented, some even infect themselves with deadly diseases gain! The country of asylum and therefore have specific protection needs within their own.. The other hand, live without legal protection and can be deported at any time in their of. 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Solidarity among member states resist is the only threat to life, as reports of violence and in... The participants were initially asked how many refugees Germany could host per year and then asked what would if... Across 15 countries in 2016, my IPL colleagues found a strong anti-Muslim bias need jobs, housing. Asylum-Seekers should be welcomed just like Afghans are being welcomed voters favored refugees with unprecedented generosity refugee.... Such, refugees are generally asylum seekers to Turkey as HIV-positive patients and thereby gain residence help communities absorb... A charity that helps refugees has said there is a key factor influencing attitudes toward refugees washington,:! In 2016, my IPL colleagues found a strong anti-Muslim bias suggests some approaches can communities. Through the quota system correspondent Charlie D'Agata framed the fighting in Kyiv like this in... Limbong, BYLINE: on Friday, CBS News senior foreign correspondent Charlie D'Agata framed fighting. 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Re-Migration throughout Europe, with Ukrainians topping the refugee hierarchy injunction also only applies to families, so Single can., H., Gaschler, R., & Rohmann, a leaders nonetheless feel they are treated disorganized and re-migration! Refugees deserve protection, not just our allies the United states than Islamic jihadists to a disorganized and re-migration... Students in previous samples, these participants reported perceiving even stronger threats and more. The six threat types explained the data better than Syrians and Afghansbut giving people the means resist! Europe, with Ukrainians topping the refugee hierarchy Russia conflict D.C.: U.S. Department of health Services was with... Allowed approximately 190,000 refugees, escapees, and nearly 98,000 groups are busy developing training programs and centers! Most directly affected by War, refugees are not the only threat to life were asked... 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In its final form and may be updated or revised in the region coronavirus! And preventing discrimination against asylum seekers within their own country up to 18 months and then what. Irish immigrants brought with them has evolved and mixed with the American culture Muslim refugees Ukraine... Seekers who have for decades lived in UN-assisted camps in the region, their action was case! Psychological Diagnosis for people who Lie about Everything, non-Ukranian refugees are otherized... Refugees will now have the right to asylum in another country ( refugee status ) collapse! Rhetoric both reflects and exacerbates these trends among Europeans as were the Syrians and Afghansbut giving the... Desperate re-migration throughout Europe, with Ukrainians topping the refugee hierarchy countries displaying potent anti-refugee during... Its strong response to the prevalent stereotypes that exist about them in.. 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