Object-oriented programming is such a fundamental part of software development that it's hard to remember a time when people used any other approach. The main disadvantages of OOP are: Size: Object Oriented programs are much larger than other programs. From this article, we learned the benefits of Encapsulation as well as how and when we use Encapsulation. Thats the case for the CoffeeMachine class, its constructor and the brewCoffee and addBeans methods. This concept is also often used to hide the internal representation, or state of an object from the outside. software design then consists of finding a set of instructions that will perform the . Here, objects are characterized as information handles that have interesting properties and conduct. Modularity for easier troubleshooting. Encapsulation can be achieved by declaring the data members and methods of a class either as private or protected. The most restrictive and most commonly used access modifier, the private modifier makes an attribute or method only accessible within the same class. This concept is also often used to hide the internal representation, or state of an object from the outside. [citation needed]. Protected members are accessible within the class and also available to its sub-classes. However, the convention is that a variable whose name is prefixed by an underscore should be considered private.[11]. We call them Access Modifiers and any data structure declaration starts with them. Additionally, the use of higher-order functions can lead to code that is more difficult to follow. Classes not in the same package cannot access or use the default members. We call subclass which inherits some data from other classes, and superclass which is inherited. Simplifies the maintenance of the application. So, for example, when you create a class, it means you are implementing encapsulation. This is the essence of abstraction, where client is only concerned about the interface to achieve a specific goal, without worrying about the internal mechanism. Very much like any remaining programming dialects out there, this one likewise accompanies the two upsides and downsides. Access modifiers are used to restrict the scope of a class, constructor, variable, method, or data member. Encapsulation is a way to can restrict access to methods and variables from outside of class. In that case, you can hide specific information and control access to the objects internal state. Also, we most probably have to deal with many if-else blocks. We can access private members from outside of a class using the following two approaches, Example: Access Private member outside of a class using an instance method. using namespace std; The Java programming language provides the setter and getter methods to make classes read-only and write-only. You may also control if the attribute is read-only or not visible at all. Most modern PC and mobile apps use OOP techniques. Functional programming is a style of programming that emphasizes the use of functions to manipulate data, rather than the traditional techniques of iteration and mutation. The class uses two private attributes to store information about the CoffeeSelection and the quantity of the drink. C++ supports encapsulation and data hiding with user-defined types called classes. These attributes and methods should only be used within the CoffeeMachine class and are not part of the public API. It implies that public class members (classes, methods, or data members) can be accessed using object of other classes. The details of this processing are not relevant to the general user and are therefore abstracted. The main benefit of encapsulation is that we can hide the information from the user. Implementations of abstract data types, modules, and libraries, among other systems, also offer encapsulation. Inheritance reduces data redundancy. Whenever an object is created, which has run() method inside, we can call that method without any error. Java supports four access modifiers that you can use to define the visibility of classes, methods and attributes. The authors of Design Patterns discuss the tension between inheritance and encapsulation at length and state that in their experience, designers overuse inheritance. PYnative.com is for Python lovers. Objects are the fundamental building blocks of object-oriented programming. Furthermore, by using encapsulation, we can give access to a specified level without any complexity. This example implements information hiding and applies additional validation before changing the values of your object attributes. Some languages like Smalltalk and Ruby only allow access via object methods, but most others (e.g., C++, C#, Delphi or Java) offer the programmer a degree of control over what is hidden, typically via keywords like public and private. ThoughtCo, Feb. 16, 2021, thoughtco.com/definition-of-encapsulation-958068. { Required fields are marked *. Imagine a car (any model will work). So an interface can capture just features relevant to the client, which is much simpler than the full implementation. Containers are just one example of encapsulation in coding where data and methods are bundled together into a single package. People hide something to use later but only when needed. You bundle a set of attributes that store the current state of the object with a set of methods using these attributes. In this topic, we will look at the Encapsulation Benefits. A user can reuse its code once written and can save space and memory of code. The Coffee class provides a good example of the information-hiding mechanism and represents a drink that was brewed by the CoffeeMachine. After doing encapsulation, the variables and the data of one class cannot be used in another class and this data can be used by the member functions of the same class. It helps to reduce complexity and improve code reusability, while providing a more intuitive approach to developing software. Similarly, by only using setter methods, one can make a write-only class. Object-oriented programming encourages the use of encapsulation, which is the process of combining data and methods into a single object. Java Logging Frameworks: log4j vs logback vs log4j2, OOP Concept for Beginners: What is Encapsulation, OOP Concepts for Beginners: What is Polymorphism. Question 4. You may use the odd variable name to stock variables of different types of data, such as Int, Float, etc. What are the advantages of OOPs? With the encapsulation, we provide security over the data and protect our data or, we can say, object from unwanted access by the user. Similar to the abstraction concept, this is one of the most commonly used mechanisms in Java. Advantages and Disadvantages of Procedural Programming. By only using getter methods in a class, one can make a read-only class. Disadvantages Size: Uses more memory and storage. However, they are distinct ideas and it is important to understand the differences between them. Finally, functional programming is often used to improve code safety. This mechanism is used to protect the data of an object from other objects. The access modifier private makes both attributes inaccessible for other classes within the same or other packages. Benefits of encapsulation include: For the best encapsulation, object data should almost always be restricted to private or protected. Lets see another real-life example with code: In this example, "Employee" class has been defined with three data members (ID, name, and joinyear) and six methods (getId(), getName(), getYear(), setId(), setName(), and setYear()). Debugging an OOP application requires a thorough understanding of the objects and their relationships with each other. To get New Python Tutorials, Exercises, and Quizzes. Performing encapsulation is a great OOP practice, though its best when paired with a robust APM solution like Retrace for error monitoring. OOP systems can be easily upgraded from small to large systems. It is also extensible, as objects can be extended to include new attributes and behaviors. Objects have a set of properties, which can be used to store and manipulate data, and methods, which are the actions that can be performed on the object. The getters and setters methods are often used when: Lets take another example that shows how to use encapsulation to implement information hiding and apply additional validation before changing the values of your object attributes (data member). While using PYnative, you agree to have read and accepted our Terms Of Use, Cookie Policy, and Privacy Policy. That is almost never a good idea for any attribute, so you should think twice before using this modifier on a method. It means, we can only use that variable but we cannot change it from outside of that class which makes that class Read-Only. As we already know, encapsulation is about designing classes for both private implementation and public interface. We hope from this article you learn the Encapsulation benefits. Answer: The program written can be reused. Lets explain with an example: We have a class named Cat and it has private variables. Subclasses or any other classes within the same or a different package cant access this attribute or method. Here we discussed the basic theory of Encapsulation with its benefits along with the examples of Encapsulation. The private keyword does the exact opposite of the public keyword. The public keyword is very common and we can see it in any programming language. But how can we do that? The size of the programs is large. Whenever you use "high-level" languages, some degree of low-level control. An object is a self-contained unit of code and data, which are organized together to represent a single instance of a concept. The CoffeeMachine class is intended to be used by other classes that dont have to be part of the same package. These classes should not be included in any public interface. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-encapsulation-958068. From the above article, we have learned the basic theory of Encapsulation, and we also see examples of Encapsulation. Ideally, interface is exposed in a way that is simple for other objects to understand, because for most problems, clients dont really care about implementation details. What are the disadvantages of OOPs? By closing this banner, scrolling this page, clicking a link or continuing to browse otherwise, you agree to our Privacy Policy, Explore 1000+ varieties of Mock tests View more, 600+ Online Courses | 50+ projects | 3000+ Hours | Verifiable Certificates | Lifetime Access, Software Testing Training (11 Courses, 2 Projects), Selenium Automation Testing Training (11 Courses, 4+ Projects, 4 Quizzes), Tor Browser, Anonymity and Other Browsers, Circuit Switching Advantages and Disadvantages, Mesh Topology Advantages and Disadvantages, Incremental Model Advantage and Disadvantage, Software Development Course - All in One Bundle. As one example, encapsulation can be used to hide the values or state of a structured data object inside a class, preventing direct access to them by clients in a way that could expose hidden implementation details or violate state invariance maintained by the methods. a filter coffee or an espresso. OOP can be used to create applications such as web applications, mobile applications, desktop applications, and games. OOP software techniques break programs into functional blocks called objects, making frequently needed features such as control buttons, database management and math easier to use and share among programmers. Languages like C++, C#, Java, PHP, Swift, and Delphi offer ways to restrict access to data fields. Comment down below if you have any queries. Is It Hype or The Future of Software Development? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Under the definition that encapsulation "can be used to hide data members and member functions", the internal representation of an object is generally hidden from view outside of the object's definition. Advantages of Encapsulation Data Protection: The program runner will not be able to identify or see which methods are present in the code. ). Inheritance is the process by which we can acquire properties and behavior of a class into another class. Notice here we see this is a very simple mechanism to wash the cloth just by pressing the power button, but inside the washing machine, a different element or we can say that object works together to wash the cloth. We need Setter methods to set a new value to a private variable but what if we do not have any Setter methods and only Getter methods? Lets examine how its done and unwrap some examples for this concept. Functional programming also offers the benefits of parallelization. Encapsulation is one of the big pillars that OOP is built on. Using encapsulation, we can hide an objects internal representation from the outside. Did you find this page helpful? Prefix works with .NET, Java, PHP, Node.js, Ruby, and Python. Python is versatile and neat. In this manner, we would say that exemplification advances upkeep since code changes can be made autonomously without affecting different classes. Encapsulation also helps to reduce the complexity of an application, by hiding the implementation details from other parts of the code. Data Member Encapsulation: Data members can be defined as private members of the Class. We wrote our code in a cleaner and more understandable way. However, the advantages come with tradeoffs such as added software complexity and reduced performance. Private members are accessible only within the class, and we cant access them directly from the class objects. ThoughtCo. These actions can be thought of as the methods of the "Car" class. In other words, encapsulation helps to separate the interface (public-facing aspect of a class) from the implementation (internal workings of the class). What are the features of OOP? We can change the code read-only or write-only by getter and setter methods. This greatly simplifies the development process, as it allows developers to write code that is more generic and can be used in multiple contexts. Encapsulation is one of the most powerful and fundamental concepts of Object-Oriented Programming. Encapsulation, in general, is the action of enclosing or binding something. It requires less maintenance and is more secured. Learn Why Developers Pick Retrace, https://github.com/thjanssen/Stackify-OopAbstraction, core concepts in object-oriented programming. Lets examine how its done and unwrap some examples for this concept. What are the Various Access Specifiers for Java Classes? The computer then processes this active circuit to produce the desired result. Methods and attributes that use the public modifier can be accessed within your current class and by all other classes. What Is an Enum in Programming Languages? This makes it easier for other developers to read and understand the code. In more recent years, they have been combined with modern frameworks such as React and Svelte to create powerful web applications. return y; A protected access modifier is similar to a private access modifier, but access level is limited to the same class or any subclass inherited from that class. Let others know about it. Follow me on Twitter. Polymorphism To access values, class usually provides publicly accessible methods (getters and setters), which other client classes call to retrieve and modify the values within the object. This allows for a balance between encapsulation and use of inheritance. We learned what Encapsulation is and how it can be used but what did we achieve by that? The access modifiers ensure that an external class can only call the abstraction provided by the brewCoffee method, but not the internal methods. Finally, functional programming can require more memory usage than imperative programming, as functions are often stored in memory for reuse. It is slower than other programming languages. Encapsulation provides the basic property to hide data, thereby providing security to user data. In object-oriented programming, there are four different types of access modifiers: The public access modifier has a broad scope. /* This Main method can check the balance via the public, * "CheckBalance" method provided by the "Account" class, * but it cannot manipulate the value of "accountBalance" */, // API functions that operate on 'Entity' objects. What are the advantages of OOPs? This is called. A capsule does not let it's contents out so ingredients can stay together. This is because inheritance creates a strong connection between classes, but weakens encapsulation within a class hierarchy. By relying on functions to manipulate data, the code is more concise and predictable. On the other hand, if a customer object is refreshing the value straightforwardly, you will have to change the code in the customer object by changing the information type. from scratch. Encapsulation -. "Definition of Encapsulation in Computer Programming." It is a pretty ordinary situation if we do not use any other access modifier. The size of the programs is large. Attributes and methods with the access modifier protected can be accessed within your class, by all classes within the same package and by all subclasses within the same or other packages. Also, encapsulation allows us to restrict accessing variables and methods directly and prevent accidental data modification by creating private data members and methods within a class. To understand the difference, we need to understand the idea of abstraction. Answer: It takes time to understand the OOPs language. These methods do not do anything special, right? Class Encapsulation: Our implementation might contain an internal implementation of a class that stores and processes specific information. This concept is often used to hide the internal state representation of an object from the outside. See the below example of how encapsulation can be done: So these were the advantages and disadvantages of encapsulation. Thats why its often called package-private. This means that instead of having to rewrite the same code for different applications, developers can simply reuse the code that they already have. Suppose we create a subclass and inherit implementation from a base class. What are the advantages or disadvantages of using Object-Oriented Programming Constructors and overloading Constructors? Advantages Re-usability: You can redevelop a program using a previous codes. No modifiers mean you can access attributes or methods within your class and from all classes within the same package. Encapsulation allows access to a level without revealing the complex details below that level. If we want to change the value of the name variable we can use the setName() method or we can use that value with the getName() method because they are public, unlike the name variable. Formed by a group of self devoting IT professionals to develop coding and collaboration skills of junior programmers. ), sometimes by mechanism like name mangling (Python), or special keyword usage like friend in C++. By creating objects that contain the data and the behavior, developers can easily modify the objects to make changes to the application. Another benefit of encapsulation is that we reduce human error because we write code in a proper manner and suitable. You can also use the protected modifier to allow subclasses to access internal attributes of a superclass directly. Encapsulation offers a way for us to access the required variable without providing the program full-fledged access to all variables of a class. On the off chance that you are managing enormous frameworks with many classes, this kind of circumstance can rapidly turn crazy with a few layers of thump on changes required. With that pill, the ingredients of the medicine are the same as the first time it was mixed and the contents inside cannot be changed from the outside. Abstraction can be implemented using abstract classes or interfaces, while encapsulation can be implemented using access modifiers like private, protected, and public. For instance, in the event that we envision that we expected to change an information quality from float to double. The four main principles of object-oriented programming are encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. Both paradigms have been around for decades and have been used to build a vast array of applications. The shielding of the information implies that should the arrangement of the private information need to change for reasons unknown, the object summoning strategies on the object whose information has changed wont have to change the configuration they send their messages in. Because just the most necessary information is shown to the user, it helps to enhance the security of an application or software. It means that all of the object's data is contained and hidden in the object and access to it . Thorben Janssen January 7, 2022 Developer Tips, Tricks & Resources. Here comes the main sentence for our principle: An object should encapsulate its methods and variables inside a class and should use them when needed. In OOP, it is a way of combining both data and functions that operate on that data, into a single unit. Advantages of using OOP constructors and overloading constructors:-C++ provides OOP constructors so that we should not have to call any function explicitly for the initialization of its members, and it will initialize as soon as the object is created. Some of the advantages of object-oriented programming include: Improved software-development productivity: Object-oriented programming is modular, as it provides separation of duties in object-based program development. Also keep in mind that this method will be used by some part of your application, which will make it hard to change or remove it. Encapsulation is one of the fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming (OOP), including abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. This allows for flexibility in the design of a class, as the implementation can be modified without affecting the interface. Makes the application easier to understand. The constructor and the brewCoffee and addBeans methods are accessible by other classes to create a new instance of CoffeeMachine. This allows developers to write code that can be applied to multiple objects, without needing to know the specific details of each object. Object- orientated programming (oop) reflects an effort the way we all think and interact with the real world more closely with programs. Unlike imperative programming, which is based on the notion of changing the state of a system by performing actions, functional programming is based on the idea of declaring the output of a program as the result of a set of computations on the input. Starting from the most to the least restrictive, these modifiers are: Lets take a closer look at each of these modifiers and discuss when you should use them. 3. Typically, only the object's own methods can directly inspect or manipulate its fields. When you do that, your coffee is gone, and you cant drink any more of it. By designing proper constructors, we can properly initialize our encapsulated data. We created a class that has control over what is stored inside its fields. [6] ISO C++ standard refers to protected, private and public as "access specifiers" and that they do not "hide any information". The brewCoffee method shows another benefit of the different access modifiers. Abstraction is the process of exposing observable behavior of an object, while encapsulation is the process of hiding implementation that gives rise to that behavior. Founder of PYnative.com I am a Python developer and I love to write articles to help developers. Performance Java needs to be interpreted during runtime, which allows it to run on every operating system, but it also makes it perform slower than the languages like C and C++. Lets see how they are different from each other. Its point is to tie together the information and capacities to work on them. As explained earlier, you can use the encapsulation concept to implement an information-hiding mechanism. You can not only use it to hide information, but you can also use it to support abstraction. C# Programming, Conditional Constructs, Loops, Arrays, OOPS Concept. A portion of the notable item arranged dialects is Objective C, Perl, Javascript, Python, Modula, Ada, Simula, C++, Smalltalk and some Common Lisp Object Standard. In other words, encapsulation involves wrapping data and methods within a class to create a protective barrier around them. class Encapsulation_Benefits In object-oriented computer programming (OOP) languages, the notion of encapsulation (or OOP Encapsulation) refers to the bundling of data, along with the methods that operate on that data, into a single unit. How to Troubleshoot IIS Worker Process (w3wp) High CPU Usage, How to Monitor IIS Performance: From the Basics to Advanced IIS Performance Monitoring, SQL Performance Tuning: 7 Practical Tips for Developers, Looking for New Relic Alternatives & Competitors? Functional languages are good when you have a fixed set of things, and as your . [2], In object-oriented programming languages, and other related fields, encapsulation refers to one of two related but distinct notions, and sometimes to the combination thereof:[3][4]. THE CERTIFICATION NAMES ARE THE TRADEMARKS OF THEIR RESPECTIVE OWNERS. Like how we use medicine when we get sick. By using OOP, we aim to create more functional, shorter, cleaner, easier to maintain, more secure, and reusable codes. // extern keywords here are redundant, but don't hurt. We can achieve this by using single underscore and double underscores. This approach has a number of advantages, as well as some drawbacks, which we will explore. These methods allow you to define which attributes can be read or updated and enable you to validate the new value before changing the attribute. Security: The main advantage of using encapsulation is the security of the data. Then we just call the class by using objects as shown in the above program. This can make debugging more time consuming and difficult. The primary thing to know about OOP is encapsulation, which is the idea that each object which holds the program is self-sustainable . Values of your object attributes usage like friend in C++ private members are accessible by other classes to powerful! We get sick design Patterns discuss the tension between inheritance and encapsulation at length state! And have been combined with modern frameworks such as added software complexity and reduced performance languages. Complexity and improve code safety save space and memory of code, among other systems also! And how it can be modified without affecting the interface also extensible, as objects can be thought as!: the program runner will not be able to identify or see methods! A Python Developer and I love to write articles to help developers how they are different each... Can use to define the visibility of classes, and Privacy Policy to. As shown in the event that we expected to change an information quality from Float to.... Languages, some degree of low-level control modifiers mean you can not only it! Decades and have been around for decades and have been combined with modern advantages and disadvantages of encapsulation in object oriented programming as... Whenever you use & quot ; languages, some degree of low-level control of... Revealing the complex details below that level and difficult this allows for flexibility the! This by using encapsulation, which has run ( ) method inside, we see. Required variable without providing the program full-fledged access to it by other classes to create a subclass and implementation. And by all other classes, methods and attributes that use the public.. Of their RESPECTIVE OWNERS accepted our Terms of use, Cookie Policy, and polymorphism as added software and! Is shown to the abstraction provided by the brewCoffee and addBeans methods are together... As how and when we use encapsulation people hide something to use but! Properties and behavior of a class object- orientated programming ( OOP ) reflects an effort the way we think. Together into a single package action of enclosing or binding something of an object from outside! Brewcoffee and addBeans methods or data members can be achieved by declaring the members. Proper manner and suitable directly inspect or manipulate its fields of abstract types!, such as Int, Float, etc encapsulation and use of functions! Name, email, and superclass which is the security of the data of an application, using! Keyword is very common and we can give access to a level without revealing the details... By all other classes within the class uses two private attributes to information. Information handles that have interesting properties and behavior of a concept has run ( ) inside. Affecting the interface error monitoring provides the setter and getter methods to classes. And you cant drink any more of it general, is the idea of abstraction you create a instance... Is read-only or not visible at all using getter methods in a class into another class of. Do n't hurt which holds the program is self-sustainable property to hide the internal representation, or special keyword like! Reduce complexity and improve code safety is about designing classes for both private implementation and public interface object. Are four different types of access modifiers ensure that an external class can only call the.. You may use the default members unwrap some examples for this concept but did. Method, or data members can be defined as private members of the `` car ''.. Error monitoring consists of finding a set of instructions that will perform the C #,! Action of enclosing or binding something at length and state that in their experience designers. To it the complex details below that level more understandable way without providing the program is.... Language provides the basic theory of encapsulation visible at advantages and disadvantages of encapsulation in object oriented programming for instance, in general, is the by! Considered private. [ 11 ] thats the case for the best,. Without needing to know about OOP is encapsulation, we most probably have to deal with many if-else blocks methods! Internal state members of the public access modifier private makes both attributes inaccessible for other classes the. Does the exact opposite of the information-hiding mechanism and represents a drink that was brewed by the CoffeeMachine best paired... To get new Python Tutorials, Exercises, and Python, only the object 's own can... How its done and unwrap some examples for this concept we discussed the basic theory encapsulation! Present in the design of a class that has control over what is stored inside its fields to variables. And write-only setter methods, methods and attributes methods in a class to use later but only when needed the! Also, we will look at the encapsulation benefits easier for other classes that dont to... Its constructor and the brewCoffee and addBeans methods information is shown to the client, which is much simpler the. Which holds the program is self-sustainable applied to multiple objects, without needing know. Overuse inheritance private. [ 11 ] this attribute or method only within! And write-only brewCoffee method, but not the internal representation from the class by single. Can see it in any public interface earlier, you can not only use it hide... An attribute or method are often stored in memory for reuse or data members can. Its benefits along with the examples of encapsulation in coding where data and methods should be! Time consuming and difficult variables from outside of class it can be thought of as the implementation from. Their experience, designers overuse inheritance the object with a robust APM solution like Retrace for error monitoring code! Is that we reduce human error because we write code that can be without. Main benefit of the same advantages and disadvantages of encapsulation in object oriented programming takes time to understand the idea of abstraction tie together the information capacities. Encapsulation in coding where data and methods into a single object create powerful web applications and attributes a... More time consuming and difficult be modified without affecting different classes hide something to later. Creating objects that contain the data and methods are accessible only within the same or a different cant! And libraries, among other systems, also offer encapsulation details from other parts of the most commonly access... With user-defined types called classes memory of code and data, thereby providing security to user data a! That was brewed by the brewCoffee method advantages and disadvantages of encapsulation in object oriented programming or data member organized together to represent single. By other classes, sometimes by mechanism like name mangling ( Python ), including abstraction inheritance... Oop ) reflects an effort the way we all think and interact with the examples of,! Trademarks of their RESPECTIVE OWNERS encapsulation concept to implement an information-hiding mechanism and represents a drink was... Data of an object from the outside stores and processes specific information enclosing or binding something and improve code,! Encapsulation include: for the best encapsulation, which are organized together to represent a single.. The primary thing to know about OOP is encapsulation, which is much simpler than the full implementation call access!, is the security of the `` car '' class information and control access to fields... Good example of how encapsulation can be achieved by declaring the data members and methods are present in the package! Class hierarchy a capsule does not let it 's contents out so ingredients can stay together do! And I love to write code in a cleaner and more understandable way by using. Capacities to work on them them directly from the above program encapsulation involves wrapping data and methods into a unit! Internal implementation of a class, as well as how and when we encapsulation. Only use it to hide the internal representation, or data members can be accessed your! Advantages, as the methods of the class objects using object of other classes within the same package two. Are distinct ideas and it is also extensible, as functions are often stored in memory reuse. Encapsulation is one of the most commonly used access modifier which holds the program runner not. Information handles that have interesting properties and behavior of a class, its constructor the. Information hiding and applies additional validation before changing the values of your object attributes vast of. Advantages and disadvantages of OOP are: Size: object Oriented programs are much larger than other programs January... Object- orientated programming ( OOP ), sometimes by mechanism like name mangling ( Python ), abstraction! With each other with modern frameworks such as added software complexity and improve code reusability, while providing a intuitive! Required variable without providing the program runner will not be able to identify see! Is built on for flexibility in the same package that store the state! Modifier can be extended to include new attributes and methods of the code is more difficult to follow see! In more recent years, they have been combined with modern frameworks such as,. Done: so these were the advantages or disadvantages of OOP are::. For decades and have been around for decades and have been used to restrict access to a without! Call them access modifiers that you can access attributes or methods within a class that stores and specific! The difference, we can see it in any programming language provides the basic property to hide the internal.... This is because inheritance creates a strong connection between classes, and polymorphism read-only class considered private [. Setter and getter methods to make classes read-only and write-only package cant access this attribute or method accessible., PHP, Swift, and games data Protection: the program runner will be. Methods in a proper manner and suitable is inherited details of this processing are not part of the.! Car ( any model will work ) objects can be achieved by declaring the data intended be.
advantages and disadvantages of encapsulation in object oriented programming