For his efforts, he was killed by the local Charra tribe. This part of the Andes region includes the northern half of the main mountain mass in Argentina and the transitional terrain, or piedmont, merging with the eastern lowlands. A peculiar type of rounded gravel called grava patagnica lies on level landforms, including isolated mesas. The worlds eighth largest country, Argentina occupies an area more extensive than Mexico and the U.S. state of Texas combined. "Spanish Colonization to 1650" published on by null. Spanish Discovery & the Beginnings of Colonial Argentina Roughly around the same amount of time that Spain occupied the Philippines. Among the countrys other major cities are Mar del Plata, La Plata, and Baha Blanca on the Atlantic coast and Rosario, San Miguel de Tucumn, Crdoba, and Neuqun in the interior. Guida Gerale degli Archivi di Stato . The surface of Patagonia descends east of the Andes in a series of broad, flat steps extending to the Atlantic coast. However, after their independence, between 1857-1930 was the period of the great Spanish colonization. In 1820 only two political organizations could claim more than strictly local and provincial followings: the revolutionary government in Buenos Aires and the League of Free Peoples, which had grown up along the Ro de la Plata and its tributaries under the leadership of Jos Gervasio Artigas. A substantial Spanish descended Criollo population gradually built up in the new cities, while some mixed with the indigenous populations (Mestizos), with the Black African-descended slave population (Mulattoes) or with other European immigrants. b. his favoritism to the Portuguese courtiers in his court. But both organizations collapsed in that year, and Buenos Aires seemed to be losing its position as the seat of national government. Several inhabitants arrived from Peru to populate the area and settled in the region, which was one of the first areas of South America that was populated without the purpose of obtaining wealth, because La Plata did not have ample resources of rich minerals. Soon we will be turning to the arrival of the Spanish colonization of Las Americas. The language in Argentina has been influenced by indigenous languages, Spanish colonization, and massive European immigration to the country.The Spaniards brought their language to the country when they arrived to Argentina in 1536, and Spanish became widely spoken in the centuries that followed. The era of colonial Argentina from the early 16th century to the early 18th century forms a significant part of Argentina's history, intrinsically linked to the formation and conduct of the modern country, as does the early 19th-century struggle for independence. They spent more than three decades for the inauguration of the second colony after the abandonment, in 1541, of what was the only Spanish colony. The Ro de la Plata (often called the River Plate) is actually the estuary outlet of the system formed by the confluence of the Paran and Uruguay rivers; its name, meaning River of Silver, was coined in colonial times before explorers found that there was neither a single river nor silver upstream from its mouth. Spain's conquest of Mexico didn't end on Aug. 13, 1521, "499" filmmaker Rodrigo Reyes said. Buenos Aires was thus a target of value for the British Navy, who now had an excuse to try to take the colony. by. 1819 - Simon Bolivar defeats Spanish at Boyaca. Anti-royalist sentiment continued to grow within the colony. Garay was one of the main emissaries of the Spanish Crown in the viceroyalty of Peru, being governor of what is now Paraguay. Native attacks had made the settlement untenable. In terms of population, it is a sparse country, with the vast majority of the population centered around the capital, Buenos Aires, and its surroundings. In Argentina the independence movement began in 180607, when British attacks on Buenos Aires were repelled in the two battles known as the Reconquista and the Defensa. Ch_04.doc. Baseball is the most popular sport in the Andean and midlatitude regions of South America. It should be noted that the occupation of Argentina was not given priority when it was discovered that the region was not rich in silver or minerals in general, unlike other lands already colonized further north, such as Peru. Roughly how long was the colonization period? Its political and ecclesiastical jurisdiction extended over most of northern Argentina, including Crdoba. Tucumn produced a significant amount of livestock, and this was sent to the upper part of the viceroyalty of Peru (the area that today occupies the map Bolivia) in exchange for goods brought from Spain. A century later, an independent Argentina would clear Patagonia of native settlements, but the region would remain sparsely inhabited till the present day. Since the beginning of the 18th century, the British had drawn up plans to establish possessions in South America. Taken from footprinttravelguides.com, History of Argentina, (n.d.), March 12, 2018. Ther. But one steadfast group of settlers had recently arrived from Wales, and . His influence in the final stage of the Argentine colonial period (prior to independence) led not only to the independence of Argentina, but also collaborated with that of Paraguay. High rates of piracy meant that, for a port city like Buenos Aires that relied on trade, all trading vessels had to have a military escort. South Americas highest mountain, Aconcagua (22,831 feet [6,959 metres]), lies in the Northwest, together with a number of other peaks that reach over 21,000 feet (6,400 metres). Defeat led to the fall of the military regime and the reestablishment of democratic rule, which has since endured despite various economic crises. Pampa is a Quechua Indian term meaning flat plain. As such, it is widely used in southeastern South America from Uruguay, where grass-covered plains commence south of the Brazilian Highlands, to Argentina. 2.1 Argentina in the shadow of Spanish colonialism. Mesoamerica: A region and cultural area in the Americas, extending approximately from central Mexico to Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica, where pre-Columbian societies flourished before the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries. Control of Argentina was also hampered in the first instance by the large number of nomadic tribes in the region. The Royalists, however, still held the Uruguayan capital of Montevideo. EQUATORIAL GUINEA 3. The intellectuals of the city were interested in ideas, which proposed that knowledge cultivated in human beings was capable of fighting ignorance. Quiz. In this COMPLETE lesson from InspirEd Educators, students will examine the stories of Simon Bolivar, Jose de san Martin, Father Hidalgo, Toussaint L'Ouvertoure and Dom Pedro I to be able to describe events surrounding the liberation of Latin America from colonial . Omissions? Thus, before 1850, the vast majority of European settlers in Argentina were from Spain and they carried the Spanish colonial administration, including religious affairs, government, and commercial business. This caused that the goods that had to arrive directly to the Silver could not accede by means of the sea, that was the main way to do it at the time. Books. According to circumstances, this distribution of population either helped or hindered the Spanish conquest of America, as it likewise affected Spanish colonization. Political life was reoriented in 1776, when Spain created the Viceroyalty of the Ro de la Plata (consisting of modern Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and southern Bolivia), with Buenos Aires as its capital. In 1816 he participated in the congress of Tucumn, where the independence of his country was declared. By 1598, Juan de Oate, the first Spanish governor of New Mexico, and his entourage of Spanish settlers traveled the . European colonial periods. The Conquistadors were Spanish and Portuguese explorers and soldiers who played an important role in the 16th century exploration, conquest, and colonization of the Americas. As a consequence of this, all kinds of cargo had to first pass through the Peruvian port of Callao, near Lima. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, large waves of European immigration to Argentina had a strong impact on the local way of speaking. By this time, exploration had largely given way to conquest. Britains Information Research Department: Is it Secret Propaganda? Spanish colonization, at its peak, included the following territories: In Africa: The protectorate of Morocco, made up of two regions: the Rif area, which occupied the Moroccan Mediterranean coasts from Melilla to Tangier, and the Cape Juby area, which bordered the Spanish Sahara . Spanish settlement in Argentina, that is the arrival of Spanish emigrants in Argentina, took place first in the period before Argentina's independence from Spain, and again in large numbers during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Grayish podzolic types and dark brown forest soils characterize the Andean slopes. In Los Angeles and San Francisco, protesters toppled statues of Junpero Serra, a Spanish priest and founder of the California mission system during the 18th-century Spanish colonization of. The narrow lowland stretches for 1,000 miles (1,600 km) southward, finally merging with the Pampas south of the Ro de la Plata. This not only increased the time of transporting goods but significantly drove up the prices of doing business. Argentine culture has significant connections with Italian culture in terms of language, customs, and traditions. The first Europeans - of whom there is a record - who came to the region were the Portuguese. In the 1990s, Spanish companies like Repsol and Telefonica invested in South America, often buying privatized companies. To the southeast, where the parallel to subparallel ranges become lower and form isolated, compact units trending north-south, the flat valleys between are called bolsones (basins). a. Colonization is still going on in Latin America. The Spanish empire controlled colonies in North America , South America , Africa, and Asia, making it one of the most diverse and far-reaching empires in history. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Anglo-French blockade of the Ro de la Plata, Viceroyalty of the Ro de la Plata topics, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colonial_Argentina&oldid=1126025908, Articles lacking sources from December 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 7 December 2022, at 03:44. Colonists from Chile, Peru, and Asuncion (in present-day Paraguay) created the first permanent Spanish settlements in Argentina, including Buenos Aires in 1580. However, in 1776 the Spanish Crown recognized the importance of Argentina with the establishment of a viceroyalty in Rio de la Plata, which gave more power to the region within less than half a century of its total independence. Although the early campaigns of 1810 and 1811 were a failure for the Patriots against the Royalists, their actions inspired Paraguay to declare independence, adding another thorn in the side of Royalist efforts. During this period Argentina was considered one of the minor colonies for Spain, because the center of European government of this region was in Peru due to the important presence of resources that the area presented and the lack of minerals that were in Argentina. 5.0. Italian is the largest ethnic origin of modern Argentines, after the Spanish immigration during the colonial population. Between the 15th and 19th centuries, the Spanish Empire was the sole colonial power in the territories that became Argentina after the 1816 Argentine declaration of independence. Argentina, 1516-1987: From Spanish Colonization to Alphonsn. The principal tributaries are the Jchal, Zanjn, San Juan, Mendoza, Tunuyn, and Diamante. The Argentine colonial era is the name given to the period of history in which the Argentine Republic was under the control of the Crown and the Spanish conquerors. In emergencies it was converted into an open cabildo, a kind of town meeting, which included prominent members of the community. Following the defeat of the Spanish, centralist and federalist groups engaged in a lengthy conflict to determine the future of the nation of Argentina. Moreover, long-lasting summer floods cover vast areas and leave behind ephemeral swamplands. Over the course of almost 300 years from its discovery to its independence, Argentina gained worldwide recognition and became one of the Latin American economic powers of the time. Despite this, Argentina would continue to grow in strength with waves of immigration from Europe. Decades of civil wars followed that involved many breakaway countries, as well as other nations such as Brazil, France, and Britain. In 1613 the University of Crdoba was also established, which made the city one of the main intellectual centers of the region. Spanish colonization lasted for three centuries. Francisco del Puerto was rescued by the Venetian Sebastian Cabot, and told him about myths of sources of silver in the area. house documents of the Spanish American colonial period, is found in: Documentacin y Archivos de la Colonizacin Espaola (Documentation and Archives of the Spanish Colonization). In the post-colonial period (1832-1950), there would be a further influx of Spanish immigrants to Argentina from all over Spain during the Great European immigration wave to Argentina, after the creation of the modern Argentine state. From the very beginning, Buenos Aires suffered from a difficult economic position. A result of conflict with Guam's colonizers, the introduction of diseases. 4111-12 Latin America Independence. Argentina is party to the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (also known as the Rio Treaty). The diversion of trade caused as a domino effect that smuggling was one of the most common ways of obtaining income in the societies of the viceroyalty regions of Peru, which today make up Buenos Aires and Montevideo. This, together with the economic development of the region, were the main catalysts for the independence of Argentina. Sure, they stole it. Farther south the Santa Cruz River flows eastward out of the glacial Lake Argentino in the Andean foothills before reaching the Atlantic. WESTERN SAHARA 2. The root cause of the trouble, the power struggle between Buenos Aires and the rest of the country, was not settled until 1880, and even after that it continued to cause dissatisfaction. There was no silver, nor any other precious metal, but those initial myths influenced the modern name of Argentina. The mid-20th-century scholarship on colonial Spanish America is clearly summarized in the authoritative works of Haring 1947 and Gibson 1966.The first two volumes of the Cambridge History of Latin America (Bethell 1984) then provide an overview of the research in the field through the mid-1980s. In the Argentinian Constitution of 1853 . The Pampean Sierras have variable elevations, beginning at 2,300 feet (700 metres) in the Sierra de Mogotes in the east and rising to 20,500 feet (6,250 metres) in the Sierra de Famatina in the west. While there continues to be strong interest among the population in European affairs and their European heritage, the Argentine culture today varies considerably from the Spanish much like the American or Australian cultures vary from the British. Taken from wikipedia.org, Santiago de Liniers, (n.d.), November 13, 2017. View more. Those settlers are then called Colonizers fTHE SPANISH COLONIES In a period lasting about 350 years, the small European country of Spain conquered and colonized areas of land in three continents: Africa, Asia-pacific and South America. It covers the entire period from the establishment of the first homes by Europeans in the country until its independence in 1816. The North is commonly described in terms of its two main divisions: the Gran Chaco, or Chaco, comprising the dry lowlands between the Andes and the Paran River; and Mesopotamia, an area between the Paran and Uruguay rivers. When the viceroyalty of La Plata was established in 1776, the society of what would be Argentina already had a high understanding of the power of the region and the criollo forces soon began to start revolutions to destabilize Spanish control. However, there was already a high level of discontent on the part of the inhabitants of the colonies due to the restrictions and limitations imposed by Spain. Centuries after, the Americans followed in their footsteps. In details, 4.600.000 settlers. 600.000: Puerto Rico and Cuba. The Spanish Empire also known as "Spanish Monarchy" was one of the largest empires in history and became one of the first global empires in world history. 6. The Spaniards brought their language to the country when they arrived to Argentina in 1536, and Spanish became widely spoken in the centuries that followed. Eventually overwhelmed and suffering severe casualties, the British surrendered. By carving the new viceroyalty from lands formerly part of the Viceroyalty of Peru, Spain intended to put its east-coast dominions in a better defensive position. The Argentine colonial era is the name given to the period of history in which the Argentine Republic was under the control of the Crown and the Spanish conquerors. In 1542, these divisions were superseded by the Viceroyalty of Peru, which subdivided South America more pragmatically into divisions known as audencias. The northern part of colonial Argentina was covered by La Plata de Los Charcas, while the southern part was covered by the Audencia of Chile. The new nation of Chile then took the lead in suppressing the threat from the Viceroyalty of Peru. Taken from bbc.co.uk, Colonial Rule, (n.d.). The first Spaniard to land in Argentina, Juan de Solis, was killed in 1516, and several attempts to found Buenos Aires were stymied by the local inhabitants. The Andean region extends some 2,300 miles (3,700 km) along the western edge of the country from Bolivia to southern Patagonia, forming most of the natural boundary with Chile. The alliance was not successful and the Spaniards continued with the advance towards the south of the country. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. By 1880, the borders of Argentina were relatively the same as they are today. In the late 18th century, the Spanish also tried to found settlements along the Patagonian coast in the South, but these settlements experienced harsh conditions, and many were eventually abandoned. Just above its confluence with the Alto Paran, the Iguaz River plunges over the escarpment of the Brazilian massif, creating Iguaz Fallsone of the worlds most spectacular natural attractions. In spite of the attempts of the Crown to appease the viceroyalty cities, it did not take long for revolutions to take place caused by the criollos, who established governing boards in the region. Republic of Gran Colombia. The first indigenous groups that opposed the Spanish explorers were the Charras, a tribe native to the area that includes the border of Argentina and Uruguay. Cabrera was the founder of the colonial city of Crdoba. It is a large country (the 8th largest in the world) and covers many different biomes, cultures, and geographic locations. It encompasses immense plains, deserts, tundra, and forests, as well as tall mountains, rivers, and thousands of miles of ocean shoreline. 1480 Words6 Pages.
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