(-)- V/V/V - 257 - RTM, Complete Score and String Parts Based on bars 11-18 2 Please enable Strictly Necessary Cookies first so that we can save your preferences! 2 (-) - V/67/V - 51 - MP3 - Lucas-coelho, 3. - 2 Report this resourceto let us know if it violates our terms and conditions. 0.0/10 Bar 173: B minor, Descent in bars until 185, where C sharp becomes pedal for 8 bars; moves through F sharp minor, C sharp major, pp chord (dom of F sharp) - D chord in 193 = interrupted cadence, Sustained D's reappear in horns to signal return to S1 and arrival of Recapitulation, Subject 1 4 0.0/10 8 8 4 Carisse has also been a Subject Advisor for Pearson, examining for both the NQF Level 1/2 BTEC Award in Music and the QCF Level 3 BTEC in Music. 101 in D major (Hoboken 1/101) is the ninth of the twelve London symphonies written by Joseph Haydn. *#725626 - 9.77MB - 6:27 - 4 Piano - Schalltrichter (2013/12/3), Complete Score 2 6 The repetition of the 1st subject in the . It's a rhetorical gesture, with a fanfare-like character: tonic to dominant, dominant to tonic. - - 6 Timothy Lanfear (2021/6/5), Flute 1, 2 Conditions. *#03170 - 4.01MB, 30 pp. 10 2 8 100, the Military, which shared the program with the premiere of the London. But the virtuosic development of this unusual sonata form finale, with its even more unusual double development, depends on Haydns cheeky bagpipesthe intricate fugato of the first development and the detour into darker minor mode harmonies in the second development both focus on the first theme. 6 At this relatively early stage in his career, Haydn clearly knows what he's doing and is still smashing out melodies like there's no tomorrow, his symphonies are becoming interchangeable. 2 (-)- V/V/V - 241 - Morel, Complete Score Many thanks for your feedback. 8 6 I will try and figure out how to PM you my email address. Bars 44-52 had not been heard before - 2 Bar introductory TONIC PEDAL like folk music drone. 10 *#405709 - 0.07MB, 4 pp. Haydn 104 4th movement analysis lyrics Music Analysis Songs 3.7K views 1 year ago Haydn: Symphony No. *#405704 - 0.16MB, 7 pp. This material also does not appear in corresponding part of Recapitulation: therefore more appropriate to label as Codetta, Six bar phrase - based on S1 end of S2a), some change in arrangement and harmonic differences ending in Ic-V in D major (bars 245-6), based on S2b bars 84-101 0.0/10 MinuetTrio 4. 2 Thanks for the positive feedback. As the movement goes on, Haydn draws out all of its motivic and harmonic possibilities. (-) - V/67/V - 145 - MP3 - Lucas-coelho, MP3 file (audio) 0.0/10 10 Minuet-Trio 4. 8 (-)- V/V/V - 372 - WiliamBunting, PDF scanned by RUS-Mrg F sharp major, mainly chords of I and V, having built up since start of movement, finally comes to a halt in bar 166 - . 8 The solemn proclamations on D and F of the Adagio announce the two harmonic poles of the symphony, but since 18th-century brass instruments could only play in D, there is a built-in hierarchy to this fanfare. (-) - !N/!N/!N - 13399 - MP3 - Tsumugiorch, MP3 file (audio) Though there are stepwise movements adding harmonic complexity, overall shape is still cycle of fifths, Texture reduces further, three chords in strings: IV-Ic-V7 lead to next section, Codetta (first time in bar) 0.0/10 *#03174 - 1.46MB, 20 pp. *#52552 - 0.38MB, 6 pp. homerdundas (2009/4/6), 15 more: Oboe 1 Oboe 2 Clarinet 1 (A) (original), B (transposed) Clarinet 2 (A) (original), B (transposed) Bassoon 1 Bassoon 2 Horn 1 (F) (transposed), D, G (original) Horn 2 (F) (transposed), D, G (original) Trumpet 1 (D) Trumpet 2 (D) Timpani Violins I Violins II Violas Cellos/Basses, Oboe 1 8 104 by Joseph Haydn arranged by mike320 for Flute, Oboe, Bassoon, Contrabass, Timpani, Violin, Viola, Cello, Trumpet in d, Clarinet in a, Natural horn (Mixed Ensemble) Still over tonic pedal, Descending staccato quavers in strings and bassoon lead to bar 29 ff tutti, Fortissimo tutti section 8 2 - Adagio-Allegro 2. VIIh/3, which Haydn had composed for Ferdinand IV, King of Naples. (-)- V/V/V - 4583 - Lyle Neff, PDF scanned by Lyle Neff 10 10 4 6 The clever combination of a series of variations with the two-part binary form typical of a dance shows the balance of clarity and complexity that makes Haydns music appealing to experts and novices alike. 10 Carisse has also been a Subject Advisor for Pearson, examining for both the NQF Level 1/2 BTEC Award in Music and the QCF Level 3 BTEC in Music. Conditions. Superstar Anne-Marie McDermott returns to perform live on stage. Haydn decided to accentuate this harmonic difference with a dramatic dynamic contrast between fortissimo and pianissimo. 0.0/10 4 Portrait of Joseph Haydn (1791) The Symphony No. Carisse has also been a Subject Advisor for Pearson, examining for both the NQF Level 1/2 BTEC Award in Music and the QCF Level 3 BTEC in Music. (-)- V/V/V - 379 - Generoso, Cello Still in first violins, but now in unison with first oboe *#03171 - 1.36MB, 20 pp. This content is available for free with all memberships. 4 (-)- V/V/V - 4951 - homerdundas, Trumpet 1 (D) (-)- V/V/V - 6031 - homerdundas, Oboe 2 8 4 4; Presto, 6 8; The first movement is in sonata form with a slow introduction that hints at motifs that will appear later in the movement. - 0.0/10 2 6 *#30248 - 0.93MB, 7 pp. Join us for an evening of music celebrating the nobility of the human spirit, including masterworks by Verdi, Tchaikovsky, and Prokofiev showcasing the amazing Anne-Marie McDermott, Our mission is to inspire, entertain, and educate by providing outstanding musical performances that enhance our unique cultural environment. Use the context of the sentences and what you know about the Latin root-loque-to explain your answer to each question. *#494060 - 12.39MB, 60 pp. 0.0/10 6 Minuet-Trio 8 Andante The whole company was delighted and so was I. I took in this evening 4000 gulden. Conditions. registered in England (Company No 02017289) with its registered office at Building 3, 6 0.0/10 8 File previews. The following boldfaced words are important to your understanding Wollstonecraft's controversial essay. 8 8 *#348260 - 16.04MB - 7:00 - 8 - File previews. 0.0/10 8 2 0.0/10 4 With 'x' (stamping) re-emphasised in clarinets, trumpets, and timpani, Bar 232 - reheard what previously omitted idea, 'z' The development section settles on the dominant of the main key, as is typical, but the recapitulation does not occur immediately. 4 8 Minor E G B - G in bass so 1st inversion 8 Minuet-Trio; 4. 8 - 2 - (-)- V/V/V - 2887 - Perlnerd666, Clarinet 1, 2 (A) 10 6 2 *#750069 - 10.59MB - 4:38 - 4 Ideal for use for the Eduqas A-level. The second theme recalls Haydns own Symphony no. 0.0/10 Full Analysis of Haydn's Symphony No. (-)- C*/63*/V* - 17421 - Philip Legge, PDF scanned by Haydn100&7 6 Would you be able to send this to me, thank you. 0.0/10 0.0/10 Haydn Symphony n.104 "London": an analysis of the 1st movement Exposition Adagio In case you don't have it at hand, here's a quick link to the score. 0.0/10 2 2 *#28914 - 0.99MB, 5 pp. 8 0.0/10 - Tes paid licence How can I reuse this? 2 - 0.0/10 0.0/10 2 (-)- V/V/V - 185 - Philhar, PDF scanned by Philhar 2 8 First performance: May 4, 1795, King's Theatre, London. 8 - 7,177 views May 10, 2020 Quick analysis of the FIRST movement of Haydn 104 (Eduqas A Level) Tom Pankhurst http://www.alevelmusic.com Recording: .more .more 5 years ago Am4d3usM0z4rt. Ends with stamping motif rhythm of 'x' (331) extended into a fortissimo perfect cadence, played tutti. A complete unit of work with detailed powerpoint, worksheets, revision notes and annotated scores of all four movements of Haydn's Symphony No. 1 [analysis], Pass the baton: a conducting video course. *#109271 - 9.37MB, 5 pp. - 8 - 2 0.0/10 The last symphony, the present work, to which alone among the 12 the name London has become particularly attached, was first heard on April 13, 1795, and was also the main event of Haydns London farewell concert, for his own benefit, three weeks later. *#47720 - 0.18MB, 4 pp. One reviewer wrote after the premiere that the second movement evoked the "hellish roar of war increas[ing] to a climax of horrid sublimity!"[1]. 10 10 Haydn's Symphony No. 2 8 The minuet section consists of a rounded binary (A,B,A') form with an opening section emphasizing the tonic, while the second section visits the relative minor (B minor) and the dominant (A major). Mature Classical is the term used to describe the music typical of Haydn, Mozart and early Beethoven. 2 104 (Movements III & IV) - Questions | Teaching Resources Log in for free Haydn's Symphony No. - Subject 1 - simple folk like melody with 8ve range and triadic and conjunct movement. Sustained notes (clarinets and brass) 4 2 10 6 Winner of a fellowship at the Bayreuther Festspiele, Mr. Griglios conducting has been praised for his energy and fine details. 8 0.0/10 - (-)- V/V/V - 841 - Kalliwoda, Viola 6 2 4 6 0.0/10 The delicate nature of *#707470 - 176.41MB, 90 pp. Thematic material based on S1, Theme in 2nd violins 2 8 4 - *#55906 - 0.77MB, 13 pp. 15 6 [1], The work was composed in 1795 while Haydn was living in London, and premiered there at the King's Theatre on 4 May 1795, in a concert featuring exclusively Haydn's own compositions and directed by the composer. Oxford Composer Companions: Haydn, ed. 6 - vindication\mathbf{vindication}vindication from blame or guilt. WiliamBunting (2011/6/30), Complete Score, Organ Part, Violin Part - (-)- V/V/V - 2733 - Perlnerd666, Cellos All Rights Reserved. Sustained notes in woodwind and brass, Final quaver descent of motif 'y' in strings before bar 149-155 ideas, Syncopated rhythms (viola) The primary theme became a popular tune in its time. (-)- !N/!N/!N - 430 - Madjanev, Flute 0.0/10 0.0/10 6 D F sharp A C natural - 4 This leads to the main body of the sonata form movement, in D major. A in bass so 2nd inversion The movement closes with a coda, also in D major. *#28912 - 3.20MB, 19 pp. 4 6 8 Sallen112 (2022/2/15), Complete Score First subject - two bar introductory drone bars (folk music - similar to Shepherd's pipe), First violins introduce S1 - eight bar structure, 4 bars repeated - two bar question, two bar answer, Implies perfect cadence, but still tonic pedal, Accentuate 'stamping' action of folk dance rhythm, Tonic and dominant as in opening of 1st movement, Sparse texture, single melody line above pedal, Emphasis on dominant and tonic harmonies still, over tonic pedal on D, Bar 13 - 2nd violin line, quaver run is fig 'y', Subject 1 octave higher 10 6 6 This symphony has four movements but it is the second which gave. For instance, the Austrian government commissioned Lalo Schifrin to compose a work commemorating the second bicentennial of Joseph Haydns deathhis Elegy and Meditation premiered in Eisenstadt, Austria (the seat of the Esterhzy family) in 2009. 2 104. 4 8 *#405705 - 0.09MB, 4 pp. Nearly all of the material in the rest of the exposition of this sonata form is derived from some aspect of the first themea degree of motivic integration that would not be heard again until Beethovens later symphonies. 6 Finale. 10 (-)- V/V*/V* - 19712 - Feldmahler, PDF scanned by Anon 104. *#738146 - 9.98MB - 7:06 - 6 2 *#60126 - 0.39MB, 8 pp. 4 0.0/10 Philip Legge (2009/5/24), Complete Score To ensure quality for our reviews, only customers who have purchased this resource can review it. - 8 Ideal for use for the Eduqas A-level. 6 (-)- V/V/V - 8246 - homerdundas, Violas The Andante second movement is moderate rather than truly slow, with a gracious, choreographic sensibility that is typical of Haydn. (-)- !N/!N/!N - 197 - Madjanev, Bass Clarinet (for Bassoon 1) 6 8 Ideal for use for the Eduqas A-level. 8 2 8 10 4 *#348259 - 12.02MB - 5:15 - 4 (-)- !N/!N/!N - 307 - Timothy Lanfear, ZIP typeset by editor 10 - He and his musicians forged ahead with the little theme until reaching its final chord, for which Haydn cued an immense fortissimo (loud tone), bringing the drowsy patron to his feet. It is popularly known as The Clock because of the "ticking" rhythm throughout the second movement. *#405703 - 0.16MB, 7 pp. - Lots of sustained notes, Bar 169: G sharp to C sharp - 4 bars 33-34 in 2nd violins and flutes - imitate 1st violin bars 31-32, 1st violins and 1st oboe - crotchet conjunct movement - augmentation of figure y: also contrary motion between 1st and 2nd violins, Dominant pedal (E) of dominant key (A major) in preparation for modulation to A major *#30530 - 0.45MB, 4 pp. Something similar happened in the opening of Mozarts Prague Symphony, which we talked about in a previous episode. 6 10 Would a colloquialism be out of place when used among friends? *#423535 - 58.78MB - 25:28 - Following a repeat, the development begins with a grand pause of two measures, the rocking motif appears in the distant key of B major and is developed upward through several keys. 104. 8 (-)- V/V/V - 2 - LinBoHe, PDF scanned by Unknown It is the last of the twelve London symphonies, and is known (somewhat arbitrarily, given the existence of eleven others) as the London Symphony. 4 Use of flattened submediant i.e. 2 6 10 10 Feldmahler (2007/1/09), 4 more: 1. - IV. Haydn is often referred to as 'the father of the symphony' as he did so much to establish the form and structure of the symphony. The sense of mystery continues: the dynamic drops to piano; the instrumentation is reduced to the strings and the bassoon; and instead of taking bold and assertive leaps, the music proceeds tentatively in smaller steps. (-)- V/V/V - 6474 - homerdundas, Horn 2 (F) (transposed), D, G (original) 8 Pedal A's hinting at A major tonicisation, based on 76-83 (i.e. (-)- V/V/V - 274 - Generoso, Complete Score *#39838 - 0.17MB, 3 pp. 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani, strings, I. Adagio - Allegro 4 - "[3], The work is scored for 2 Flutes, 2 Oboes, 2 Clarinets in A, 2 Bassoons, 2 Horns in D and G, 2 Trumpets in D, Timpani, Violins 1 & 2,Violas and Cellos.[4]. *#28010 - 0.57MB, 9 pp. (-) - !N/!N/!N - 4438 - MP3 - Tsumugiorch, 4. 10 4 4 6 The first movement is in sonata form with a slow introduction that hints at motifs that will appear later in the movement. 10 *#37166 - 1.13MB, 7 pp. 2 *#451779 - 2.75MB, 21 pp. 0.0/10 - 6 Haydn's use of themes and keys here demonstrates an important point about sonata form: the second subject is defined by the new KEY , not (only) a new theme. 6 Report this resourceto let us know if it violates our terms and conditions. Here is Handels career in miniature, a careful balance of nationalities. - 6 - was 20.00. - Why do you think African Americans were willing to fight in the war even though they suffered discrimination in American society? 0.0/10 Andante 3. In several editions there is only one flute. The Symphony No. Sign up below for instant access. Download and print in PDF or MIDI free sheet music for Symphony No. 10 10 0.0/10 *#546608 - 10.83MB, 57 pp. Adagio-Allegro 2. The symphony opens with a slow and grand introduction in D minor, whose first two bars are as follows: Note that since the only notes used are the tonic and dominant, the mode of the piece is not yet established. Literally no-one would notice. We are clearly in D. But which one? 6 - Although George Frideric Handels English was notoriously poor, he had French, Italian, and his native German to fall back on. 8 Kalliwoda (2011/7/15), 4 more: Violin 1 Violin 2 Viola Cello, Violin 1 A new episode every week! 104. Ottorino Respighi spent more time in his home country of Italy than Handel or Haydn did in theirs, but he did travel to study with Rimsky-Korsakov in Saint Petersburg and Bruch in Berlin. One can make as much as this only in England. It should be noted that by this time Salomon was no longer able to afford his own series and Haydn had become associated with another presenter. St Pauls Place, Norfolk Street, Sheffield, S1 2JE. It is popularly known as the Military Symphony. 10 This website and its content is subject to our Terms and 0.0/10 0.0/10 6 2 (-)- !N/!N/!N - 208 - Madjanev, Alto Sax (for Horn 2) (-)- !N/!N/!N - 127 - Madjanev, Horn 1 (F) Uses variety of previously heard material, Bar 265 The annotated score for movt 3 is already in the bundle - the movement that is missing is movt 2. Symphony No. 8 8 10 2 8 8 Lyle Neff (2009/4/3), Complete Score (-)- V/V/V - 1427 - Morel, Color Cover 4 Eduqas specification. Many thanks! (-)- V/V/V - 8682 - homerdundas, Flute 1, 2 Spiritoso Philhar (2016/12/19), Complete Score Learn about single tickets and season packages. 10 6 [2] In the center of the movement is a development-like section which contains a surprise timpani strike followed by a traversal of many distant keys. 104, movement 3 (Minuet & Trio) - Annotated Score, This website and its content is subject to our Terms and 8 2 Thanks, Steven. Doesn't start in expected home key after chord V in previous bar used: secondary dominant used (E7), used in imitation by woodwind trio: flute and both oboes; begins in D but hints at G (281) before returning to dominant in 286 (-)- V/V/V - 252 - Schalltrichter, PDF scanned by Schalltrichter The annotated score are brilliant, but movement 2 seems to be missing. 4 Arrangement available from this page. Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. 0.0/10 Join our email list for up-to-date concert information, first dibs at sales, and special events. 10 The beginning of the Allegro is deceptively simple, with its singing melody in the violins. (-) - V/67/V - 49 - MP3 - Lucas-coelho, 1. 10 8 4 It seems only fitting that someone equally comfortable with the London Philharmonic or an international jazz festival, as at home in Buenos Aires as he is in Los Angeles, should be surrounded on tonights program by his fellow cosmopolitans. Like the fascination with ancient Rome in his colorful tone poems, his Ancient Airs and Dances betrays him as a classicist among his modernist peers, like Alfredo Casella. (-)- !N/!N/!N - 217 - Madjanev, Horn 2 (F) [2], The finale is in sonata rondo form. 8 2 2 6 10 8 100 in G major, Hoboken I/100, is the eighth of the twelve London symphonies written by Joseph Haydn and completed in 1793 or 1794. Likewise, the politesse of the minuet is offset by a walking bass line that sounds more like Corelli than Couperin. 0.0/10 4 0.0/10 0.0/10 - 104. - 8 (-)- V/V/V - 644 - Morel, Complete Score Ideal for use for the Eduqas A-level. 8 2 - Bar 171: F sharp 6 (-)- V/V/V - 5523 - homerdundas, Bassoon 2 2 8 By 1790, Haydn was no longer in service to the Esterhzy family. (-)- !N/!N/!N - 940 - Timothy Lanfear, PDF typeset by editor It is the only movement that uses divided violas and clarinets, but most importantly is the use of "Turkish" instruments (triangle, cymbals and bass drum) which make their first appearance in the central minor section. Exposition then repeated. 10 (-)- V/V/V - 709 - Kalliwoda, Cello *#28911 - 9.90MB, 53 pp. 0.0/10 - (-)- V/V/V - 5896 - homerdundas, Trumpet 2 (D) 0.0/10 Basic techniqueAdvanced techniqueAuditions/competitions repertoireRepertoire: how to conductBonus material, Free resourcesConducting video courseTechnical articlesConducting community, Free thoughts in disarray The music room Newsletter, Terms of service | Creative Commons License | Affiliate links | Privacy policy and Cookie settings. 0.0/10 The exuberant finale, in fast tempo and in sonata form, opens in the mode of folk music (inspired by Haydn's experience in London) using a drone bass and a theme often claimed to have originated as a Croatian folk song; for details see Haydn and folk music. 0.0/10 Based on bars 19-26 *#28915 - 3.85MB, 19 pp. URTEXT EDITION [ more.] 4 0.0/10 - *#750066 - 0.43MB, 8 pp. 2 6 "2" in the published collection. 4. 2 Characteristic peasant dance rhythm two crotchet, one minim Bar 6 and 10 minims Accentuate 'stamping' action of folk dance rhythm Bar 3 and 4 harmony Bar 3 implies dominant Bar 4 implies tonic Bars 1 - 10 based around Tonic and dominant as in opening of 1st movement Musical elements bars 1-10 Sparse texture, single melody line above pedal 2 2 We are clearly in D. Full Analysis of Haydn's Symphony No. 10 *#109274 - 11.62MB, 6 pp. It was an invitation from Dizzy Gillespie that brought him to the United States, where he also turned his talents to film and television scores and conducting. mov, 285.93 MB. D F sharp A C natural *#764292 - 7.10MB, 64 pp. (-)- V/V*/V* - 4418 - Feldmahler, Complete Score Born in Halle, he spent his early career shuttling between Hamburg, Hanover, Dsseldorf, Florence, Rome, and Venice, before settling more or less in London. (-) - V/67/V - 51 - MP3 - Lucas-coelho, 4. 6 (-)- C*/C*/V* - 401 - IS, Complete Score (EU) . 2 2 2 Leads to unison Ds in horns as at the very start of the movement 4 She has examining experience in A-level Music, specifically for coursework and specialises professionally in both performance and music analysis. 4 2 4 *#51895 - 0.90MB, 11 pp. *#28913 - 1.87MB, 10 pp. 0.0/10 Adagio-Allegro; 2. 0.0/10 D major, Byron Almen, Dorothy Payne, Stefan Kostka, Music in Theory and Practice, Volume I Workbook. 6 4 - 6 Like in the minuet, this trio's B section emphasizes the relative minor (in this case, G minor). 2 8 Download my free guide today and start speeding up your score learning in 5 easy steps. 2) Section B, A1 and the Coda are repeated before the Trio begins Keys in the Minuet 1) Section A D Major 2) Section B B Minor (Relative Minor), A Minor (Dominant) 3)Section A1 Substantial conclusion to Haydn's final symphony - 70 bars 8 2 Motivic structure based closely on intervals of main theme, Figure X (stamping) in diminution - already developing S1, Alternates between sub-dominant and tonic chords Diminished harmony i.e. *#60127 - 0.38MB, 7 pp. 8 4 Pedal G step lower, sequence, Fig 'y' descending starting on C natural to F sharp [2] The premiere was a success; Haydn wrote in his diary "The whole company was thoroughly pleased and so was I. I made 4,000 gulden on this evening: such a thing is possible only in England. His first internationally famous work, after all, had been an arrangement of Monteverdis Lamento dArianna for voice and orchestra. the others are there but not 3 and i hoped everything i need to teach would be in this bundle at 25. 0.0/10 -Established conventions such as the four movement plan usually featured a sonata form first movement and a minuet and trio third movement, however there was a plethora of originality and diversity amongst the composers of the period. Allegro spiritoso Haydn's use of themes and keys here demonstrates an important point about sonata form: the second subject is defined by the new KEY , not (only) a new theme. 93-98, would be presented. To be used alongside the powerpoint also available to buy. The rest of the movement consists of a modification of the first section of music, with several changes in rhythm and more prominence to the winds, especially the flute. 8 8 However, his orchestral postcards from RomeFountains of Rome, Pines of Rome, and Roman Festivalstraveled even more widely than their author and remain internationally popular. Up until 209 - exact repeat, Begins with quavers, replaying bars 26-30, Recapitulation bars omitted of transition, Bars 31 onwards omitted [3] The movement is in ternary form with central section in the minor. 104. Allegro spiritoso, 1. - 0.0/10 However, the new Prince, Anton, although he increased Haydns pension, dismissed the entire musical establishment, leaving Haydn with little to do. - Tes Global Ltd is - Interrupted, Interrupting continuous quaver movement with 'x' which takes the music back to the home key for This means that every time you visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again. Eventually, Haydn refused and went back to the Esterhzy in 1795. Andante (-)- V/V/V - 154 - Massenetique, PDF scanned by E-Mn 8 8 10 chapters, 11 videos, practical exercises, and examples with scores: this video course produced for iClassical-Academy will show you, through a bar-by-bar analysis of excerpts ranging from Mozart to Mahler and Copland, how to build your own technique in the most logical and effective way.