which of the following statements is true about correctional officers?

The average ratio of correctional officers to inmates in federal prisons in 2015 was ________. Which of the following statements is true? ______________ of isolation and silence became popular in Europe. This is called__________. The parole concept has its roots in an 18th century English penal practice of __________. [7] Unfortunately, large declines in the HIV care cascade are seen after release from incarceration, often to levels even lower than before incarceration. There are fewer women working as correctional officers than there are working as police officers. [22], Many have called for a comprehensive strategy to help stop HIV transmission within the correctional system, through interventions such as voluntary counseling and testing, disease prevention education, and treatment for substance use disorders. [11,42] Several studies evaluating the impact of directly observed antiretroviral therapy in prisons have found that directly observed antiretroviral therapy does not necessarily lead to better medication adherence than self-administration. Those officers who are responsible for supervising inmates in housing areas are called __________. December 2018. If you want to skip this dialog please Always allow popup windows for the online course. [52]In the past, some correctional administrators and officials thought placing all inmates known to have HIV together in special unitsand in some cases identifying them by an armband or special clothingwould reduce HIV transmission to both staff and other inmates. 2015;105:e5-16. Juveniles can never be held in adult jails. [1], At any point in time, about twice as many persons are incarcerated in prisons in the United States than in jails (Figure 1), but over the course of a year the number of individuals incarcerated in the jail system far exceeds those incarcerated in prisons (Figure 2); this difference over a year results from the low turnover rates in prisons (longer stays and infrequent releases) versus high turnover rates in jails (shorter stays and frequent releases). The_______has the highest per capita incarcerationrate in the world. Adult offenders have trials; juvenile offenders have? Which of the following statements is true about correctional officers? Totality-of-conditions rulings have been handed down against prison systems in three states. This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. consensual sex for gratification, sexual assault, voyeurism, or prostitution. Based ONLY on the paragraph above, which one of the following statements is the most accurate? anti-staff mentality, interracial tension, or levels of violence. A. What is defined as the process by which an inmate becomes socialized into the customs and principles of the inmate society? Guidelines for correctional officers---e.g., always go to the aid of an officer in distress, don't "lug" drugs, don't rat on other officers---are all part of ______. [64,65] Developing new models of prison healthcare, such as telemedicine, that can effectively deliver best-practice HIV medicine to inmates living with HIV, is crucial to ensuring the constitutionally protected right of prisoners to adequate healthcare. [70,71] Several studies have shown that women have an increased risk of acquiring HIV when they have sex with a male partner with HIV who is released from prison; this appears to be particularly problematic for black women in the South. [26,30] Release from prison has been associated with increases in HIV RNA levels and decreased CD4 counts, which reflect some of the challenges with engaging in medical care and adhering to antiretroviral therapy while trying to reintegrate into society. The conditional release of a prisoner, prior to completion of the imposed sentenced, under the supervision of the stateis called________. Prisons, or institutions in which large numbers of convicted offenders spend time as punishment for crimes, are over a thousand years old. [6]In the United States, from2008 through 2018, therewas an 8.6% decline in the total number of persons in prison and an 21.5% decrease in Black individuals who were in prison. Upon The ________ model holds that the inmate society is shaped by factors external to the prison environmentspecifically, the preprison experiences and socialization patterns that inmates bring with them when they enter prison. Women make up ______ percent of the parole population. [9] Although the number of persons who have ever injected drugs is not routinely assessed in prison populations, a 2004 Bureau of Justice Special Report noted that 23% of persons in state prisonsand 18% of individuals in federal prisonsreported ever having used heroin/opiates. Depending on the nature of the complaint, investigations can be criminal (if the officer broke the law or violated an individual's rights), administrative (if the officer violated department policy), or both. Which of the following statements is true? In 1972, the case of__________ruled that the application of the death penalty, as it was then carried out, was unconstitutional and set aside 40 death penalty statutes. The support received from other officers is the result of shared values within the culture. [16] In addition, when compared with men, incarcerated women have higher rates of unemployment (45.8% versus 26.7%), homelessness (17.4% versus 12.1%), and psychiatric comorbidities (43.6% versus 21.6%). Time taken off an inmate's sentence for participating in certain activities such as going to school, learning a trade and working inprison is called _____________. The normal patterns of behavior expected of those holding particular social positions are called__________. This system called for solitary confinement at labor, with instruction in labor, morals and religion. For more than 200 years, England practiced a form of criminal exile known as transportation. The buyer has always had more power than the seller. A ________ is an institutional setting in which people are cut off from the wider society and are expected to live according to institutional rules and procedures. officer's supervisor. Bureau of Justice Statistics: Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. ___________are locally operated correctional facilities that confine people before and after conviction. Criminologists Richard Hawkins and Geoffrey Alpert observe that the work of correctional officers is characterized by both ________. The tension between prison staff members and inmates that arises out of the correctional setting is called____________. [19,20] Although the overall rate of AIDS-related deaths in prison has declined since 2001, the rate of AIDS-related deaths among Black inmates has remained higher than in White or Hispanic inmates. Research has shown that face-to-face contact before release results in increased likelihood of continuity in the community. The states of________,Georgia and Texas are making extensive use of communtity service. Correctional Institutions. Custody is necessary before any other correctional activities, such as instruction or counseling, can be undertaken. The fundamental difference between jail and prison is the nature of their. Values such as supportiveness, teamwork, perseverance, empathy, and caring enable officers to cope with post-traumatic stress; they are part of team of colleagues who care for their coworkers. Which of the following states paid its correctional officers the highest median annual wage in 2014? b. A punishment that is grossly disproportionate to the offense as well as those that transgress today's broad and idealistic concepts of dignity, civilized standards, humanity and decency is said to be? Some terms may not be used. For persons with HIV, the community or parole officer can often play a key role in keeping an individual engaged in care. that good educational programs reduce recidivism. Emergency release options for special docket offenders, generally used to relieve prison overcrowding are called? Inmates under the care and custody of a local, state, or federal correctional authority are generally housed in one of two types of facilities - a local jail or a state or federal prison. Which of the following statements regarding prison subcultures is true? The process, however, remains slow and difficult, primarily because the necessary funding is simply not available. poor, a high school dropout, unmarried, with children. Cognitive Psychology Overview of Theory. Which of the following is NOT a value or norm of the convict code? Contact your local or state health department for assistance with locating providers who are willing to accept uninsured persons. "America is the land of the second chance and when the gates of the prison open, the path ahead should lead to a better life", was said by_______________. [4] Among all persons in prisons, the state prisons account for nearly 90% of those in prison and the majority are males (Figure 6). Which of the following is a supervision strategy that uses electronic technology to track offenders who have been sentenced to house arrest, or who have been ordered to limit their movements while completing a sentence involving probation or parole? To which of the following due process protections are they NOT entitled? They are meant to help you stay on track throughout each lesson and check your understanding of key concepts. . [41] In a small exploratory study of 42 men and transgender women with HIV who were recently released from correctional centers in Illinois, only about one-half of the men said they reported their HIV status at jail or prison entry and some study participants only disclosed their HIV status to the correctional officers when their health deteriorated. Which of the following statements is true about the Pennsylvania system of confinement? The mistreatment of Iraqi prisoners occurred at _________. In adult court the offender is convicted; in juvenile court the offender is? The case of McKeiver v. Pennsylvania ruled that juveniles do not have? The religious order that pushed for prison reform of the Walnut Street Jail was the? The most common sexually transmitted disease, one which affects the eyes and lungs, is? Diversion has its roots in ________theory. One study on recidivism demonstrated that the inmates who adjusted most successfully to prison life ________ to life in the free community upon release. Provide the inmate with date, time, and location of first post-release appointment in writing. [10] Unfortunately, few correctional facilities currently offer medication-assisted treatment for opioid addiction, and many inmates continue to use illicit drugs while incarcerated if they are able to access the drugs. [76] At the end of 2016, approximately 4.5 million adults in the United States were in community corrections (Figure 17). Added 11/4/2021 7:21:03 PM. This has never been shown to be true, and facilities in the United States now do not usethis HIV cohorting stigmatizing practice.[53]. The first historical phase of prison discipline, involving soiltary confinement in silence instead of corporal punishment was called the ____________. Correctional officers have power by virtue of their positions within the organization. In the case ofWolff v. McDonnell(1974), the Supreme Court ruled that inmates facing a loss of good time for a rule infraction are entitled to certain due process protections. Few inmates suffer from psychological problems. ___________ is/are the common denominator for most offenders in the criminal justice system? Suicide in Corrections | National Institute of Corrections Stress to inmates the importance of attending their first scheduled appointment in the community, and the appointment should be as early as possible after release. Racism Identify the standard-setting professional associations in the field of corrections that have developed models of professionalism.The American Probation and Parole Association The American Jail Association The American Correctional Association Identify an accurate statement about education as a component of trueprofessionalism in Barriers to successful antiretroviral therapy within the correctional setting include high rates of substance use and mental health disorders, lack of continuity of medical care, distrust of prison-based medical care, and concerns about confidentiality and safety. This problem has been solved! Jake is an inmate in a large state prison. [2], In 2018, the United States had the highest prison population rate (prisoners per 100,000 population) in the world and the total prison population in the United States was higher than any other country(Figure 3). Here are a few major instances where an escalation to the use of force may be required: 1. Life is typified by insecurity, stress, and unpredictability in prison., There are rarely opportunities for educational achievement in prison., There is little privacy in prison., or Deprivation of personal freedom and material goods is pronounced in prison. B. The Supreme Court has ruled that censorship in prisons is legal only if it furthers one of three substantial government interests. To this end, we subscribe to the following principles. [21], Although consensual sex, rape, tattooing, and injection drug use occur within the correctional setting, available data suggest that most persons with HIV who are incarceratedacquired HIV prior to entering prison or, for those with multiple incarcerations, between periods of incarceration. Police Integrity and How to Improve It - National Institute of Justice [19] Incarcerated Black men are at least twice as likely as incarcerated White men to have HIV. the right to vote, the right to hold public office, the right to serve on a grand or petit jury, or the right to get married. Assist the inmate with scheduling an appointment with the community care provider. The officers can help provide guidance, support, and program opportunities to persons in the community correctional system while helping them remain accountable to their imposed conditions as they transition back into the community. HIV and Corrections - Key Populations - National HIV Curriculum C. B. Race, ethnicity and sex are all aspects of? [31,34,35,36,37] One HIV testing project that included more than 33,000 inmates in four states (Florida, New York, Wisconsin, and Louisiana) identified 269 (0.8%) previously undiagnosed HIV infections, and 40% of them were among inmates whose only reported risk was heterosexual contact; this study underscores why HIV testing based only on reported risk factors will fail to identify a significant proportion of incarcerated persons with HIV. Develop a list of medical providers in the community to which the inmates will be returning. [50] In this setting, however, the use of universal precautions should negate the need for correctional staff outside of health services to know the HIV status of any individual patient. ___________ officers are experienced correctional officers who know and can perform almost any custody role in the institution. It also been observed that the functions have only one asymptote. A special court that is given responsibilty to handle cases involving drug-addicted offenders is called? Majors, captains and correctional officers charged with maintaining order and security are called_____________. Source: World Prison Brief: Highest to LowestPrison Population Total. [77] Nevertheless, the community corrections population represents an important target for HIV screening and prevention services. April 2020. Show transcribed image text. [46] In the prison setting, unique barriers to antiretroviral adherence exist, such as frequent transfers between facilities or assignments within the facility that can interfere with continuity of care. What is defined as a constellation of values, norms, and roles that regulate the way inmates interact with one another and with prison staff? that an officer had to run to a squad car for a chain cutter. April 26, 2018. A financial penalty used as a criminal sanction is called a? True or False? The recidivism rate in the United States is ______. Because of limited access to HIV specialists, some prison systems have attempted to cohort persons with HIV in one or two facilities that have the easiest access to the specialists they needed. [41] Prisoners may have concerns about confidentiality and/or lack trust in the prison health care system; these may compromise adherence and deter inmates from acknowledging their HIV status and accessing HIV care.[41,45]. [4] The demographics of community corrections closely mirrors that of jail and prison settings, with disproportionate representation of poor, disadvantaged, and racial and ethnic minorities. There are many common personality types that have been identified in correctional officers. Acorrectional agency that has the authority to grant parole is a called a ________. Solved Which of the following statements is true? | Chegg.com Some officers become intrusive and pry into the personal lives of inmates. HIV-positive inmates working in the kitchen. Early release based on the paroling authority's assessment of eligibilty is called _____________. At year-end 2014, 1 in _____ adults in the United States was under community supervision. PDF What Corrections Professionals Can Do to Prevent Suicide The principle of least eligibility holds that? Instances of prison sex can be divided into three basic categories. Having the inmate talk to a provider, a nurse, or a counselor at the follow-up clinic may help with concrete linkage to services. "Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted" is the 5th Amendment. Officers who conduct pre-sentence investigations utilize discretion in deciding what to include in a report and, most importantly, what sentence to recommend. A crime which is a violation of a local ordinance and is punishable by only a fine is called an? Depending on the jurisdiction, convicted felons lose a variety of civil rights. 1 officer for every 6.35 inmates. Flashcards - Corrections - FreezingBlue Which of the following statements is most true? Early release after a time period specified and set by law is called ____________. The transition from a correctional facility to the community is a critical event for persons with HIV. While blacks account for 12% of the U.S. population they account for _____ of the correctional workforce. Quiz Fall 8-Criminal Justice - Core Introductory - Quizgoat More recent studies show that whites generally see misconduct as episodic and confined to individual officers, while blacks tend to see misconduct as a more entrenched aspect of . These data are for persons 18 years of age and older. Statutes & Constitution :View Statutes : Online Sunshine Officers enforce regulations through effective communication and the use of progressive sanctions, which involve punishments, such as loss of privileges. . According to the text, for punishment to be effective as a deterrent it must be________,_________, and_______. The first jail in America was________in Philadelphia. Cultural restrictions on behavior that forbid serious violations of group's values---such as murder, rape and robbery are called? A. Prisoners in 2018. Inmates who adopt the ________ lifestyle are primarily concerned with getting out of prison as soon as possible and avoiding hard time in the process. Crime in the United States has continued to increase over the last decade despite our best efforts to control it. A Latin term that refers to the state as guardian of minors and incompetent people is called? The equal-protection clause under the ________ Amendment has led the Supreme Court to forbid racial discrimination and has led state courts to target gender discrimination. True or False? Captain Maconochie would have preferred an _________ sentencing model. Corrections Departments by State | USAGov A message will be sent to your email address with instructions. An inmate who helps other inmates with various legal problems. As a rule, prison inmates are prohibited from practicing either conventional or unconventional religions in prison. [6], In the United States, during the years 1991-2015 the annual number of persons with diagnosed HIV in state or federal prisons ranged from a high of 25,976 in 1998 to a low of 17,146 in 2015; from 1998 to 2015 the number and rate of persons with HIV in state or federal prisons declined (Figure 8). (2) Words such as SOMETIMES, MAY, GENERALLY, and POSSIBLY soften a statement and leave more room for the statement to be correct. [20] Adequate discharge planning and linkage to community medical care upon release often fall short of practices recommended by the CDC and only 30% of individuals are retained in HIV medical care after 6 months in the community. When the court has two separate hearings for different issues in a trial, one for guilt and the other for punishment, it is called a? The power, right or authority of a court to interpret and apply the law is called? In 2014, the mean annual wage for state correctional officers was ________. (1) Words such as ALL, NEVER, NONE, and EVERY harden a statement and indicate there are no exceptions. The usual strategy is to intentionally foul the other team's worst free-throw shooter. [9] In a study conducted among male inmates in a Georgia state prison system, intra-prison transmission of HIV was associated with male-male sex in prison, receipt of tattoos while in prison, age older than 26 years, having served at least 5 years of the current sentence, Black race, and low body mass index upon entry to prison. A. The HIV Care Cascade Before, During, and After Incarceration: A Systematic Review and Data Synthesis. A person appointed by the juvenile court to serve as a special guardian for the youth being processed through thejuvenile justice system is called a? Explanation: As in years past, prison staffers are still most concerned with custody and control. In some situations, an investigation may involve an external investigator. [74] Moreover, some investigators have also demonstrated that incarceration disrupts primary intimate relationships, suggesting that use of prison-based programs to help prisoners and their partners maintain their relationship during incarceration may reduce the number of sexual contacts after release.[75]. Collaborate with state and local offices administering benefit and entitlement programs to facilitate pre-release applications and benefit reinstatements. Which of the following statements is true? Quiz - Quizizz A person's race is a simple biological fact, and not a social construct. These include untreated mental illness, medication side effects, lack of trust in the medical provider or in the benefit of taking antiretroviral medications, and social isolation. Which of the following statements is true about correctional officers? [11,26] For some inmates with HIV, the correctional setting may be their first engagement in HIV care, and during incarceration substantial gains may be made along all steps in the HIV care cascade, including increasing the percentages of persons taking antiretroviral therapy and achieving virologic suppression. Time taken off an inmate's sentence for participating in certain activities such as going to school, learning a trade and working inprison is called _____________. Source: Maruschak LM, Bronson J. HIV in Prisons, 2015Statistical Tables. [26]Althoughthe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended in 2006 that correctional facilities perform routine opt-out HIV testing, the HIV testing practices and policies in correctional setting continue to vary from state to state. CJE Unit 8 Flashcards | Quizlet [48] Also, with short stays there may be inadequate time to collect a medical history, inquire about and verify current and previous medication regimens, or obtain the necessary antiretroviral medications before an individual is released. Alternatively, send information to the community provider after obtaining written consent for release ofinformation from the inmate. The region of the country with the highest number of parolees is the ___________. This graphic illustrates the concept that many more persons in the United States move through jails over time than in prisons. What is the reason why the Eighth Amendment has done little to protect inmates from staff brutality? With severe correctional budget cuts, prisons struggle to obtain money for? [9] The transmission of HBV within prisons could be reduced by immunizing all HBV-non-immune inmates with hepatitis B vaccine. A search of a prisoner's cell is called a? World Prison Brief, Institute for Criminal Policy Research. Find state Departments of Corrections for information about state and local prisons and prisoners held in these facilities. The first juvenile court established in 1899 in? [41] Fear of interpersonal violence, stigma, and lack of safety and privacy were cited as key reasons for HIV non-disclosure. The "evidence" that evidence based corrections is based on is highly controversial. The _______ likes to give orders and seems to enjoy the feeling of power that comes from ordering inmates around. Some inmates with newly diagnosed HIV may require outside expert medical consultation. Factors that, although not justifying or excusing action, may reduce the culpability of the offender are called? Some correctional systems have arranged partnerships to allow processing of Social Security Administration (SSA) and Medicare applications before release, as recommended by the SSA and the Centers for Medicare and Medical Services. March 3, 2023 Alex Murdaugh sentenced to life in prison [20] The immediate clinical management issues that should be addressed include HIV prevention counseling, referral for mental health treatment if needed, initial evaluation and staging of HIV, and referral for HIV treatment (Table 1). Code of Ethics - American Correctional Association The Wickersham Commission was appointed by President__________________. Some officers become alienated, cynical, and withdrawn. At the end of 2012, about ________ percent of the security staff in state correctional agencies were male. The rates of inmate suicide are far higher than the national averages, and even higher still for special populations (including juvenile and LGBTI inmates), even corrections officers have a much greater occupational suicide rate. Can inflation occur after an increase in the quantity of goods and services? Which of the following is NOT one of those ways? Brutality is normally construed as a tort rather than a constitutional issue. Prisoners who were sent to Australia, and then committed further felonies, were sent to __________. Cognitive Psychology - Memory. Community clinics and correctional systems need to work together to find ways to adequately meet the needs of this population upon re-entry into the community. The resources provided will help give an overview of the problems surrounding correctional suicides and . Pretrial officers utilize discretion in making pretrial release decisions. A person who is conditionally released from prison to community supervision is referred to as a ____________. In the past, most studies viewed the problem of misconduct as one of individual problem officers, the so-called bad apples on the force. Inmates skilled in legal matters are known as ________. A committment to a set of agreed-upon values aimed at the improvement of the organization while maintaining the highest standards of excellence is called? [ 1] A. From 1775 through 1856, English offenders were sent to _________ as punishment for crimes. Which of the following Latin terms is defined as a court order requiring that a confined person be brought to court so that his or her claims can be heard? Incarcerated individuals who exhibit unique physical, mental, social and progammatic needs that distinguish them from other prisoners are called? Although injection drug use may directly result in transmission of HIV, it is also associated with sexual activity that can increase the risk ofHIV acquisition. Considering the high HIV prevalencein the correctional settings, it is imperative that strategies and systems are in place to maximize initiation and uninterrupted administration of antiretroviral therapy within jails and prisons.